Great Lakes Aspen-Birch Forest

EVT 7301Laurentian-Acadian Sub-boreal Aspen-Birch Forest
CES103.020GNRTreeHardwood
Summary
These early-successional boreal hardwood forests and woodlands are widespread throughout the eastern subboreal region of Canada, extending into parts of the Laurentian-Acadian region, but more localized eastward. They originate naturally after fires and blowdowns, but more commonly originate after logging of conifer or mixed conifer-hardwood systems. Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera are the most important tree species. This system is maintained by repeated disturbance within 50-year return intervals and would otherwise succeed to conifer systems. Localized stands of mixed conifer-hardwoods (pines and spruces) can occur in this type, but are more typically part of conifer systems.
Source: NatureServe Explorer
Distribution
This system is found in the hemi-boreal region of the Upper Great Lakes and southeastern Canada from northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota east to Québec (and possibly northern portions of the Canadian Maritimes).
Source: NatureServe Explorer
Ecologically Associated Plant Species

Plant species that characterize this ecosystem type, organized by vegetation stratum. These are species ecologically associated with the ecosystem, not confirmed present in any specific area.

Tree canopy

Acer spicatum, Betula papyrifera, Populus tremuloides

Shrub/sapling (tall & short)

Corylus cornuta

Herb (field)

Botrychium michiganense, Clintonia borealis, Eurybia macrophylla, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis

Nonvascular

Diplophyllum obtusatum
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
Ecologically Associated Animals (10)

Animal species ecologically associated with this ecosystem type based on NatureServe assessment. These are species whose habitat requirements overlap with this ecosystem, not confirmed present in any specific roadless area.

Birds (10)

Common NameScientific NameG-Rank
Northern Saw-whet OwlAegolius acadicusG5
Ruffed GrouseBonasa umbellusG5
Great Horned OwlBubo virginianusG5
Northern FlickerColaptes auratusG5
Downy WoodpeckerDryobates pubescensG5
Hairy WoodpeckerLeuconotopicus villosusG5
Black-capped ChickadeePoecile atricapillusG5
Boreal ChickadeePoecile hudsonicusG5
Yellow-bellied SapsuckerSphyrapicus variusG5
Barred OwlStrix variaG5
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
At-Risk Species Associated with this Ecosystem (2)

Species with conservation concern that are ecologically associated with this ecosystem type. G-Rank indicates global conservation status: G1 (critically imperiled) through G5 (secure). ESA status indicates U.S. Endangered Species Act listing.

Common NameScientific NameG-RankESA Status
Michigan MoonwortBotrychium michiganenseG3--
Blunted EarwortDiplophyllum obtusatumG2?--
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
Component Associations (5)

Plant community associations that occur within this ecological system. Associations are the finest level of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) and describe specific, repeating assemblages of plant species. Each association represents a distinct community type that may be found where this ecosystem occurs.

NameG-Rank
Populus (tremuloides, balsamifera) - (Betula papyrifera) - Picea mariana / Alnus viridis ForestGNR NatureServe
Populus tremuloides - Betula papyrifera / (Abies balsamea, Picea glauca) ForestG5 NatureServe
Populus tremuloides - Betula papyrifera - (Acer rubrum, Fraxinus nigra) ForestG5 NatureServe
Populus tremuloides - Populus balsamifera - Mixed Hardwoods Lowland Wet ForestG5 NatureServe
Subboreal Glacier TalusG2 NatureServe
State Conservation Ranks (3)

Subnational conservation status ranks (S-ranks) assigned by Natural Heritage Programs in each state where this ecosystem occurs. S1 indicates critically imperiled at the state level, S2 imperiled, S3 vulnerable, S4 apparently secure, and S5 secure. An ecosystem may be globally secure but imperiled in specific states at the edge of its range.

StateS-Rank
MISNR
MNSNR
WISNR
Roadless Areas (24)

Inventoried Roadless Areas where this ecosystem is present, identified from LANDFIRE 2024 Existing Vegetation Type spatial analysis. Coverage indicates the proportion of each area occupied by this ecosystem type.

Michigan (2)

AreaForestCoverageHectares
Norwich Plains Revised Roadless AreaOttawa National Forest19.6%345.42
FibreHiawatha National Forest2.1%63.09

Minnesota (11)

AreaForestCoverageHectares
South Kawishiwi RiverSuperior National Forest25.6%14.22
Mississippi CreekSuperior National Forest14.4%331.92
Tait LakeSuperior National Forest13.0%333.45
Kawishiwi Lake To SawbillSuperior National Forest10.5%651.96
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest10.4%523.71
Wood LakeSuperior National Forest10.2%24.48
Cabin CreekSuperior National Forest9.8%241.65
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest8.5%232.2
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest8.3%217.98
Little Indian SiouxSuperior National Forest5.5%22.32
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest4.7%12.78

Wisconsin (11)

AreaForestCoverageHectares
09180 - Perch LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest20.4%196.83
09177 - Le Roy CreekChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest16.0%526.59
09182 - Pentoga RoadChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest13.2%267.21
09181 - FoursectionChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest11.4%94.05
09157 - Chase CreekChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest9.9%244.8
09164 - Tea LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4.6%101.97
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3.8%56.34
09166 - East TorchChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3.4%64.62
09159 - ThornappleChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest2.9%112.77
09162 - MooseChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest1.7%42.48
09011 - Flynn Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest1.6%38.34
Methodology and Data Sources

Ecosystem classification: Ecosystems are classified using the LANDFIRE 2024 Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) layer, mapped to NatureServe Terrestrial Ecological Systems via a curated crosswalk. Each EVT is linked to the USNVC (U.S. National Vegetation Classification) hierarchy through pixel-level co-occurrence analysis of LANDFIRE EVT and NatureServe IVC Group rasters across all roadless areas.

Vegetation coverage: Coverage percentages and hectares are derived from zonal statistics of the LANDFIRE 2024 EVT raster intersected with roadless area boundaries.

Ecosystem narratives and community species: Sourced from the NatureServe Explorer API, representing professional ecological assessments of vegetation composition, environmental setting, dynamics, threats, and characteristic species assemblages.

IVC hierarchy: The International Vegetation Classification hierarchy is sourced from the USNVC v3.0 Catalog, providing the full classification from Biome through Association levels.

Component associations: Plant community associations listed as components of each NatureServe Ecological System. Association data from the NatureServe Explorer API.

State ranks: Conservation status ranks assigned by NatureServe member programs in each state where the ecosystem occurs.