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Gentiana clausa

Raf.

Closed Gentian

G5Secure Found in 29 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.130480
Element CodePDGEN060B0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderGentianales
FamilyGentianaceae
GenusGentiana
Other Common Names
blind gentian (EN) bottle gentian (EN) Bottle Gentian (EN) Gentiane close (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-06-18
Change Date1984-05-16
Edition Date2024-06-18
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Gentiana clausa is a widespread perennial herb occurring on acid soils in moist open woods, on streambanks, and roadsides of eastern North America from Québec, Canada and Maine, United States south to North Carolina and west to Tennessee. There are over 600 occurrences of this species, which are potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, succession, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent, large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Gentiana clausa occurs in eastern North America from Québec, Canada and Maine, United States south to North Carolina and west to Tennessee; it is primarily an Appalachian species (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024). Reports of this species occurring in Indiana and Missouri and west of this range have been based on specimens of G. andrewsii var. dakotica, or hybrids and introgressants (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023). Range extent was estimated to be over 630,000 square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are 600 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Gentiana clausa is potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, succession, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Gentiana clausa occurs in "moist, open woods, stream banks, roadsides, [on] acid soils" (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest Edge
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MassachusettsSNRYes
West VirginiaS4Yes
VermontS5Yes
OhioS3Yes
MarylandSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
New JerseyS4Yes
New YorkS4Yes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
VirginiaS4Yes
Rhode IslandS2Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
North CarolinaS3Yes
CanadaN2
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined———

—

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (29)
New Hampshire (3)
AreaForestAcres
Cherry MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
North Carolina (8)
AreaForestAcres
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Middle Prong AdditionPisgah National Forest1,852
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Pennsylvania (2)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Laurel ForkGeorge Washington National Forest9,967
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
West Virginia (10)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Turkey MountainMonongahela National Forest6,421
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2023. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 14. Magnoliophyta: Gentianaceae to Hydroleaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 505 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.