Habitat
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine coniferous forest; seasonally mesic, often serpentinite seeps, gravelly or rocky soils (Skinner, 1997). Associated trees include Pinus monticola, Pinus balfouriana, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus contorta, and Abies concolor. Other associated vegetation includes Carex microptera, Juncus mertensianus, Poa pringlei, Ivesia gordonii, Silene grayi, Arenaria nuttallii ssp. gregaria, and Veronica copelandii (Ferlatte, 1990).