Ardenna bulleri
(Vieillot, 1818)
Buller's Shearwater
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
LowThreat Impact
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, https://www.usa.gov/government-works
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104509
Element CodeABNDB07050
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNVulnerable
EndemicOccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations, but breeds in a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderProcellariiformes
FamilyProcellariidae
GenusArdenna
Synonyms
Puffinus bulleriSalvin, 1888
Other Common Names
Fardela de Dorso Gris (ES) Gray-backed Shearwater (EN) New Zealand Shearwater (ES) Puffin de Buller (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) Ardenna was considered part of Puffinus, but now treated as separate on the basis of genetic data (Penhallurick and Wink 2004, Austin et al. 2004, Pyle et al. 2011), which indicate that species in Ardenna and Puffinus form two deeply divergent clades that may not be sister groups. Analyses of morphology and biogeography (Oberholser 1917, Kuroda 1954) had previously recognized species of Puffinus, Ardenna, and the extralimital Calonectris as distinctive groups. Linear sequence of species follows Pyle et al. (2011) (AOU 2016).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1997-02-05
Edition Date2009-05-06
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent<100 square km (less than about 40 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Very small bmall breeding range on islands near North Island, New Zealand; large population size; ranges widely at sea in the Pacific Ocean.
Range Extent Comments
Breeding occurs on the Poor Knights Islands near North Island, New Zealand. One pair was found breeding on the Simmonds Islands (north of New Zealand) in the 1980s. In the nonbreeding season, this species occurs on the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California; near the Hawaiian Islands and Galapagos Islands; off the Kuriles; and off the western coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile (AOU 1998); and to southward to Australian waters (Sibley and Monroe 1990). In North America, it most common from Washington to central California; rarer north and south along the west coast (National Geographic Society 1983).
Coded range extent refers to the terrestrial nesting range. The total area of the Poor Knights Islands is around 24 square kilometers.
Coded range extent refers to the terrestrial nesting range. The total area of the Poor Knights Islands is around 24 square kilometers.
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by nesting occurrences on just a few islands, with most on just two islands (Tawhiti Rahi and Aorangi)..
Threat Impact Comments
Feral pigs decimated the population nesting on Aorangi, but the shearwater population recovered after pigs were eliminated. Accidental introduction of non-native species is an ongoing potential threat on all islands.
Mortality occurs as incidental catch in fisheries, but the impact of this on the shearwater population is unknown.
Formerly this species was harvested by the Maori.
Mortality occurs as incidental catch in fisheries, but the impact of this on the shearwater population is unknown.
Formerly this species was harvested by the Maori.
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Nests are in burrows or rock crevices or under tree roots, on densely forested slopes, as on the larger of the Poor Knights Islands; or in crevices among rocks on treeless stacks or cliffs, such as on the smaller of the Poor Knights Islands. Otherwise the species is pelagic.
Reproduction
Egg laying occurs mostly in late November. Clutch size is 1.
Terrestrial Habitats
Bare rock/talus/screeCliff
Other Nations (2)
United StatesNNA
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Washington | S3N | Yes |
| Oregon | SNA | Yes |
| Alaska | S3N | Yes |
CanadaN3N
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| British Columbia | S3N | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 - Biological resource use | Pervasive - large | Slight or 1-10% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 5.4 - Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources | Pervasive - large | Slight or 1-10% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Pervasive - large | Serious or 31-70% pop. decline | Moderate (short-term) |
| 8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases | Pervasive - large | Serious or 31-70% pop. decline | Moderate (short-term) |
| 11 - Climate change & severe weather | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
| 11.1 - Habitat shifting & alteration | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
Roadless Areas (6)
Oregon (6)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Tahkenitch | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,799 |
| Tahkenitch | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,799 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
References (24)
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., K.J. Burns, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2016. Fifty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 133:544-560.
- Bartle, J. A. 1968. Observations on the breeding habits of Pycroft's petrel. Notornis 15: 70-99.
- BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
- Carboneras, C. 1992a. Family Procellariidae (petrels and shearwaters). Pages 216-257 in J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal (Eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 1. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain.
- Gaston, A. J., and J. M. Hipfner. 2000. Thick-billed Murre (<i>Uria lomvia</i>). No. 497 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
- Gaston, A. J., et al. 1994. Population parameters of thick-billed murres at Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Condor 96:935-948.
- Heather, B. D., and H. A. Robertson. 1997. The field guide to the birds of New Zealand. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Jaramillo, A. 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
- Jenkins, J.A.F. 1988. The distribution of Buller's shearwater (Puffinus bulleri) in New Zealand coastal waters and in the Tasman Sea. Notornis 35:203-215.
- Marchant, S., and P. J. Higgins (editors). 1990. The Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
- Mostello, C. S., N. A. Palaia, and R. B. Clapp. 2000. Gray-backed Tern (Sterna lunata). No. 525 in A. Poole and F. Gill (editors). The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 28 pp.
- National Geographic Society (NGS). 1983. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
- Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Pratt, H. D., P. L. Bruner, and D. G. Berrett. 1987. A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 409 pp. + 45 plates.
- Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
- Ridgely, R. S. and P. J. Greenfield. 2001. The birds of Ecuador: Status, distribution, and taxonomy. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Robertson, C. J. R., and B. D. Bell. 1984. Seabird status and conservation in the New Zealand region. Pages 573-586 in Croxall et al., eds. Status and conservation of the world's seabirds. ICBP Tech. Pub. No. 2.
- Schreiber, E. A., R. W. Schreiber, and G. A. Schenk. 1996. Red-footed Booby (<i>Sula sula</i>). No. 241 in A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The Amerian Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC. 24 pp.
- Sibley, C.G., and B.L. Monroe, Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. xxiv + 1111 pp.
- Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
- Taylor, G. A. 2000. Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Wellington: Department of Conservation (Threatened Species Occasional Publication 16).
- Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.