Arenaria interpres
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Ruddy Turnstone
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Near threatenedIUCN
© Joseph Nizza; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Birder sp.; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Kike Junco; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Miguel Rouco; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Sharif Uddin; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Liam Singh; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102944
Element CodeABNNF09010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNNear threatened
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderCharadriiformes
FamilyScolopacidae
GenusArenaria
Other Common Names
Tournepierre à collier (FR) Vira-Pedra-Ferrugem (PT) Vuelvepiedras Rojizo (ES)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-06
Change Date1996-11-25
Edition Date2014-08-11
Edition AuthorsJue, Dean K.
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
This species is currently estimated to number over 500,000 globally.
Range Extent Comments
Circumpolar. BREEDS: northern Alaska and Canadian arctic islands south to western Alaska, and Southhampton, Coats, and Mansel islands, probably also northern Mackenzie and northern Keewatin; Greenland, Iceland, Palearctic. NORTHERN WINTER: coast from central California, Gulf Coast, and New York south through West Indies to southern South America; Pacific islands (common in Hawaii August-May, a few stay all year); Australia, New Zealand, Old World. Nonbreeders may summer in winter range. In South America, by far the most important area is north-central coast of Brazil between Belem and Sao Luis; other important areas include Suriname and French Guiana as well as the northeast coast of Brazil (Morrison and Ross 1989).
Occurrences Comments
This bird has a circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere and its population is estimated at over 500,000 individuals (Birdlife International, 2014). There should be at least 300 EOs with those population numbers.
Threat Impact Comments
This species is known to be threatened from a number of sources at several locations in its wintering range but exact of impact is undocumented. These threats place turnstones at considerable risk of population declnie due to rapid loss of critical resources (Nettleship, 2000).
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Nonbreeding: rocky, barren pebbly coasts, sandy beaches, mud flats, river mouths, tidal creeks, and shores of lakes (AOU 1983); fields (Shallenberger 1984). Nests in dry, dwarf-shrub tundra, usually near water (AOU 1983); various habitats ranging from wet mud or barren peat to dense vegetation, though appears to favor barren habitats (see Johnson and Herter 1989). Usually breeds along the coast. Nests on the ground; may nest near other ruddy turnstones.
Ecology
Usually feeds singly or in small numbers (may defend individual feeding territory); may feed with other shorebirds along sandy or rocky beaches. May form large flocks (500 or more) during migration. Sleeps or rests in flocks.
Reproduction
Egg laying occurs mainly in mid-June in arctic Canada. Both sexes incubate usually 4 eggs for 21-22 days (Terres 1980). Nestlings are precocial. Young initially are tended by both parents; can fly 24-26 days after hatching.
Terrestrial Habitats
TundraSand/duneBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5B,N5N
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| West Virginia | SNA | Yes |
| Georgia | S5 | Yes |
| North Dakota | SNA | Yes |
| California | SNRN | Yes |
| New Jersey | S3N | Yes |
| Louisiana | S2N | Yes |
| Massachusetts | S4N | Yes |
| Missouri | SNA | Yes |
| District of Columbia | S1N | Yes |
| South Carolina | S3N | Yes |
| Kentucky | SNA | Yes |
| Maine | S4N | Yes |
| Virginia | SNRN | Yes |
| New Hampshire | SNA | Yes |
| Delaware | S2N | Yes |
| New York | SNRN | Yes |
| Vermont | SNA | Yes |
| Maryland | S1N | Yes |
| Washington | S4N | Yes |
| Tennessee | S3N | Yes |
| Connecticut | SNA | Yes |
| Alabama | S4N | Yes |
| Arkansas | S2M | Yes |
| Oklahoma | S2N | Yes |
| Rhode Island | S4N | Yes |
| Texas | S5 | Yes |
| Hawaii | SNRN | Yes |
| Utah | SNA | Yes |
| Colorado | SNA | Yes |
| Ohio | SNA | Yes |
| Iowa | SNA | Yes |
| Alaska | S4B | Yes |
| South Dakota | SNA | Yes |
| Kansas | SNA | Yes |
| Illinois | SNA | Yes |
| Michigan | SNRN | Yes |
| Indiana | S3M | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | S2M | Yes |
| Mississippi | S5N | Yes |
| Minnesota | SNRM | Yes |
| Nebraska | SNRN | Yes |
| Oregon | SNA | Yes |
| Florida | S4N | Yes |
| Wisconsin | SNA | Yes |
| North Carolina | S3N | Yes |
CanadaN3B,N4M
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Prince Edward Island | S3M | Yes |
| Northwest Territories | S3 | Yes |
| Nova Scotia | S3M | Yes |
| Nunavut | S3B | Yes |
| Yukon Territory | S1B,S2M | Yes |
| Ontario | S4M | Yes |
| Alberta | SUM | Yes |
| Labrador | S3M | Yes |
| Island of Newfoundland | S2M | Yes |
| New Brunswick | S3M | Yes |
| Saskatchewan | SUM | Yes |
| Quebec | S3M | Yes |
| British Columbia | S4M | Yes |
| Manitoba | S3M | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 - Climate change & severe weather | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
| 11.1 - Habitat shifting & alteration | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
Roadless Areas (11)
Alaska (6)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Copper River Wetlands | Chugach National Forest | 85,972 |
| North Baranof | Tongass National Forest | 314,089 |
| Redoubt | Tongass National Forest | 68,347 |
| South Kruzof | Tongass National Forest | 55,193 |
| Upper Situk | Tongass National Forest | 16,789 |
| Yakutat Forelands | Tongass National Forest | 323,648 |
California (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Mt. Jackson | Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest | 20,721 |
North Carolina (3)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Pocosin Addition | Croatan National Forest | 286 |
| Pond Pine B | Croatan National Forest | 2,961 |
| Sheep Ridge Addition | Croatan National Forest | 5,808 |
Oregon (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
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