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Home/Species/ Yellow-eyed Junco

Junco phaeonotus

Wagler, 1831

Yellow-eyed Junco

G5Secure Found in 6 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1009990
Element CodeABPBXA5040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyPasserellidae
GenusJunco
Other Common Names
Junco aux yeux jaunes (FR) Junco Ojo de Lumbre (ES)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., K.J. Burns, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2017. Fifty-eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 134:751-773.
Taxonomic Comments
Groups: J. phaeonotus [Mexican Junco], J. fulvescens Nelson, 1897 [Chiapas Junco], and J. alticola Salvin, 1863 [Guatemala Junco]. Formerly considered conspecific with J. bairdi, but treated as separate on the basis of differences in morphology (Miller 1941), vocalizations (Howell and Webb 1995, Pieplow and Francis 2011), and genomics (McCormack et al. 2012, Friis et al. 2016, Mila´ et al. 2016) (AOU 2017).
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-12-04
Change Date1996-12-04
Range Extent Comments
RESIDENT: southern Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico, northeastern Sonora, Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and southwestern Tamaulipas south through mountains to Oaxaca and western Veracruz; interior of Chiapas; mountains of southeastern Chiapas and western Guatemala (AOU 1983).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Open coniferous forest, pine-oak association and adjacent scrub, brush, pastures and fields (upper Subtropical and Temperate zones) (AOU 1983). Nests usually on ground; nest often concealed under bunch grass, a log, rock, or bush. Female constructs nest.

Ecology

Spends winter in family-size groups. In one study, predation was main cause of death of nestlings and fledglings; starvation was major mortality factor for recently independent juveniles (Sullivan 1989).

Reproduction

In southeastern Arizona, the earliest nests are initiated in late April (Horvath and Sullivan 1988). In north, clutch size is 3-4, sometimes 5. Up to 3 broods/season. Incubation lasts 13 days. Nestlings spend 9-12 days in the nest, fed by both parents.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralCropland/hedgerow
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
New MexicoS2B,S2NYes
ArizonaS2B,S3NYes
Roadless Areas (6)
Arizona (6)
AreaForestAcres
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
References (12)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., K.J. Burns, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2017. Fifty-eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 134:751-773.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Horvath, E. G., and K. A. Sullivan. 1988. Facultative migration in yellow-eyed juncos. Condor 90:482-484.
  6. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  7. Moore, N. J. 1972. Ethology of the Mexican junco (JUNCO PHAEONOTUS PALLIATUS). Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson.
  8. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  9. Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
  10. Rising J. 2016. Yellow-eyed Junco (<i>Junco phaeonotus</i>). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. &amp; de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  11. Sullivan, K. A. 1989. Predation and starvation: age-specific mortality in juvenile juncos (JUNCO PHAENOTUS). J. Anim. Ecol. 58:275-286.
  12. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.