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Home/Species/ Miller Lake Lamprey

Entosphenus minimus

(Bond and Kan, 1973)

Miller Lake Lamprey

G3Vulnerable Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104572
Element CodeAFBAA02070
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNVulnerable
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassPetromyzontida
OrderPetromyzontiformes
FamilyPetromyzontidae
GenusEntosphenus
Synonyms
Lampetra minimaBond and Kan, 1973
Other Common Names
Miller Lake lamprey (EN)
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Thought to have evolved from a stock of L. tridentata isolated in Miller Lake after the explosion of Mt. Mazama about 6,600 years ago (Kan and Bond 1981, Miller et al. 1989). However, subsequent data indicate a more ancient separation and a sister relationship with L. lethophaga (Lorion et al. 2000).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2012-02-22
Change Date2012-02-22
Edition Date2012-02-22
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Range Extent1000-5000 square km (about 400-2000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Formerly thought to be endemic to Miller Lake, Oregon, where exterminated in early 1950s through chemical control measures; recent surveys documented this species in several areas within and outside the Miller Lake subbasin in Oregon; no immediate threats. G3 rank was confirmed using NatureServe's Rank Calculator version 7.31.
Range Extent Comments
Formerly this species was thought to be endemic to Miller Lake (16 km northeast of Mt. Thielson), Klamath County, Oregon (Lee et al. 1980), where the species was last collected in the early 1950s. Recent surveys documented populations in Miller Creek, Jack Creek, and the upper sections of the Williamson and Sycan rivers, in the upper Klamath River Basin, Klamath and Lake counties, Oregon (Lorion et al. 2000, Page and Burr 2011).
Occurrences Comments
Lorion et al. (2000) mapped 8 collection sites; these represent probably a half-dozen subpopulations or locations (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2005).
Threat Impact Comments
Miller Lake was chemically treated with toxaphene by the Oregon Game Commission on September 16,1958 to eliminate tui chub and lampreys (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2005).

No immediate threats are known (Kostow 2002). Potential threats include impacts from stocked fishes, entrainment in water diversions, and impaired connectivity within and between local populations (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2005).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes clear rocky streams, and gravelly areas in Miller Lake; ammocetes occur in silt, mud, or sand (Page and Burr 2011). A nest in the Sycan River was a pitlike clearing on a gravel-cobble substrate in a sand matrix in water about 30 centimeters deep and about 3 meters from shore (Lorion et al. 2000).

Ecology

Adults live more than one year (Lee et al. 1980).

Reproduction

Spawning was observed June 10 at a water temperature of 12 C (Lorion et al. 2000). Relatively high fecundity (Miller et al. 1989).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
OregonS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
7 - Natural system modifications—Unknown—
7.2 - Dams & water management/use—Unknown—
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases—Unknown—
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases—Unknown—

—

Roadless Areas (1)
Oregon (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mt. ThielsenWinema National Forest1,153
References (16)
  1. Gill, H. S. , C. B. Renaud, F. Chapleau, R. L. Mayden and I. C. Potter. 2003. Phylogeny of living parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) based on morphological data. Copeia 2003(4):687-703.
  2. Hardisty, M. W. and I. C. Potter, eds. 1971. The Biology of Lampreys. Academic Press, London and New York. pp. 1-65.
  3. Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, C. B. Renaud, J. Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407.
  4. Kan, T. T., and C. E. Bond. 1981. Notes on the biology of the Miller Lake lamprey <i>Lampetra</i> (<i>Entosphenus</i>) <i>minima</i>. Northwest Science 55:70-74.
  5. Kostow, K. 2002. Oregon lampreys: natural history, status, and analysis of management issues. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland.
  6. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  7. Lorion, C. M., D. F. Markle, S. B. Reid, and M. F. Docker. 2000. Redescription of the presumed-extinct Miller Lake lamprey, <i>Lampetra minima</i>. Copeia 2000:1019-1028.
  8. Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Extinctions of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries 14(6):22-38.
  9. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  10. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2005. Miller Lake lamprey, <i>Lampetra </i>(<i>Entosphenus</i>) <i>minima</i>, conservation plan implementation strategy.
  11. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  12. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  13. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  14. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  15. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  16. State Natural Heritage Data Centers. 1996a. Aggregated element occurrence data from all U.S. state natural heritage programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Navajo Nation and the District of Columbia. Science Division, The Nature Conservancy.