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Home/Species/ Fatlips Minnow

Phenacobius crassilabrum

Minckley and Craddock, 1962

Fatlips Minnow

G3Vulnerable (G3G4) Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100368
Element CodeAFCJB30020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusPhenacobius
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2012-08-03
Change Date2000-01-31
Edition Date2012-08-03
Edition AuthorsJefferson, J., G. Hammerson, and M. K. Clausen
Range Extent5000-20,000 square km (about 2000-8000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Occurs in streams in the Blue Ridge and its fringes of upper Tennessee River drainage; considered stable and not very threatened.
Range Extent Comments
Range includes the upper Tennessee River drainage, from the Little Tennessee River system, Georgia and North Carolina, north to South Fork of Holston River system, Virginia; also the extreme upper Savannah River drainage, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia (Page and Burr 2011). In Virginia, this species occupies the lower free-flowing 32 km of the South Fork of Holston River (uncommon to common) and Laurel Creek (common) (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by a fairly large number of occurrences (subpopulations) and locations (as defined by IUCN). Etnier and Starnes (1993) mapped about 26 collection sites in Tennessee, representing probably at least 10 distinct occurrences. Menhinick (1991) mapped approximately 50 collection sites in North Carolina. Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) mapped 5 collection sites in Virginia; two extant populations in good condition in Virginia; has been extensively surveyed (S. Roble, pers. comm., 1997).
Threat Impact Comments
Formerly subjected to sewage pollution in Virginia; that threat was eliminated by a new sewage treatment facility (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes cool to warm, usually clear, rocky streams (creeks and small to medium rivers), of moderate to high gradient; in runs and riffles over clean gravel, rubble, and boulder substrates (Lee et al. 1980, Burkhead and Jenkins 1991, Page and Burr 2011). Spawning occurs in same habitat as that occupied during other seasons (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).

Reproduction

Apparently spawns in spring (May-June). Most individuals mature ate age 1, some at age 2. Lives about 3 years at most. (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
North CarolinaS3Yes
GeorgiaS2Yes
TennesseeS2Yes
VirginiaS2Yes
Roadless Areas (1)
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
References (17)
  1. Burkhead, N. M., and R. E. Jenkins. 1991. Fishes. Pages 321-409 in K. Terwilliger (coordinator). Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceedings of a Symposium. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.
  2. Etnier, D. A., and W. C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee. xiv + 681 pp.
  3. Freeman, B. J. (Institute of Ecology and Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia). 1997. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Ruth Mathews, TNC.
  4. Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxiii + 1079 pp.
  5. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  6. LeGrand, Harry (North Carolina Natural Heritage Program). 1997. Review and annotation of fish and mussel watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Ruth Mathews, TNC. September 1997.
  7. MacBeth, Robyn M. (Georgia Natural Heritage Program). 1997. Review and annotation of fish and mussel watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Ruth Mathews, TNC. September 1997.
  8. Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 227 pp.
  9. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  10. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  11. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  12. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  13. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  14. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  15. Roble, S. 1996. Zoologist, Virginia Natural Heritage Program. Department of Conservation and Recreation, Richmond, VA. Personal communication.
  16. Shute, Peggy (Aquatic Zoologist, Tennessee Valley Authority Regional Heritage). 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. February 2000.
  17. State Natural Heritage Data Centers. 1996a. Aggregated element occurrence data from all U.S. state natural heritage programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Navajo Nation and the District of Columbia. Science Division, The Nature Conservancy.