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Ligumia recta

(Lamarck, 1819)

Black Sandshell

G4Apparently Secure (G4G5) Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Near threatenedIUCN
High - mediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.119053
Element CodeIMBIV26020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryInvertebrate Animal
IUCNNear threatened
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassBivalvia
OrderUnionoida
FamilyUnionidae
GenusLigumia
Synonyms
Ligumia latissima(Rafinesque, 1820)Ligumia recta latissima(Rafinesque, 1820)
Other Common Names
Ligumie noire (FR)
Concept Reference
Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. M. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland. 526 pp.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-06-26
Change Date2011-12-19
Edition Date2024-06-26
Edition AuthorsCordeiro, J. (2011); rev. T. Cornelisse (2024)
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Despite some regional threats and localized declines, this species has a large range and number of occurrences, and it has been documented across its range consistently in recent years.
Range Extent Comments
This species occurs in southeastern Canada, from Saskatchewan to Quebec and in the United States east of the Great Plains, from North Dakota to Vermont, south to Alabama and west to Oklahoma, and it is considered introduced in Montana (Bogan et al. 2017; GBIF 2024).
Occurrences Comments
This species is known from at > 600 occurrences using a 2 km separation distance and records from 1993-2024 (GBIF 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
This species is threatened by pollution and sedimentation caused by agricultural activities and urbanization, invasive zebra mussels, and dams and water diversions that change hydrological conditions and prevent habitat connectivity and recolonization (Schueler and Karstad 2007; Bogan et al. 2017; Manitoba Conservation Data Centre 2015; Illinois Natural Heritage Database Program 2019; New York Natural Heritage Program 2020; South Dakota Natural Heritage Program 2022).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species is found in medium-sized to large rivers in locations with strong current and substrates of coarse sand and gravel with cobbles (Fichtel and Smith 1995; Parmalee and Bogan 1998).
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
North DakotaS4Yes
WyomingSNRYes
MichiganS1Yes
OhioS3Yes
IllinoisS3Yes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
NebraskaSHYes
WisconsinS3Yes
IowaS1Yes
MinnesotaS3Yes
New YorkS2Yes
IndianaS2Yes
West VirginiaS3Yes
MissouriS2Yes
OklahomaS1Yes
VermontS1Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
AlabamaS2Yes
South DakotaS2Yes
GeorgiaSXYes
MontanaSNANo
TennesseeS5Yes
ArkansasS2Yes
LouisianaS1Yes
MississippiS1Yes
VirginiaS2Yes
KansasS1Yes
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS3Yes
ManitobaS3Yes
SaskatchewanSUYes
QuebecS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
7 - Natural system modificationsRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)
9 - PollutionLarge - restrictedModerate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
9.2 - Industrial & military effluentsRestricted - smallModerate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluentsLarge - restrictedModerate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (1)
Pennsylvania (1)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
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