Nolina atopocarpa

Bartlett

Florida Bear-grass

G3Vulnerable Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.147201
Element CodePMAGA08020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderAsparagales
FamilyAsparagaceae
GenusNolina
Other Common Names
Florida beargrass (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-04-08
Change Date1993-06-01
Edition Date2025-04-08
Edition AuthorsHardin, D. (1985), rev. C. Russell; rev. D.L. White (1988), rev. C. Nordman (2025).
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Florida Bear-grass (Nolina atopocarpa) occurs in the southeastern United States, and it is endemic to Florida. It occurs in the central Florida Panhandle in Liberty, Franklin, and Wakulla counties, and in the Florida Peninsula in Brevard, Charlotte, Highlands, Lee, Marion, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, St. Johns, and Volusia counties. It is estimated that there are about 75 occurrences rangewide, and the total number of plants is likely less than 10,000. Nolina atopocarpa is threatened by loss of habitat due to development and urbanization, and it is vulnerable to certain intensive site preparation methods for forest management and lack of fire due to long-term fire suppression. It occurs in the central Florida Panhandle on Apalachicola National Forest, Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area, and Tate's Hell State Forest and Wildlife Management Area, and in the Florida Peninsula on Fred C. Babcock-Cecil M. Webb Wildlife Management Area, Yucca Pens Unit State Wildlife Management Area, Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park, Hal Scott Regional Preserve and Park, Jordan Scrub Sanctuary, Malabar Scrub Sanctuary, and other conservation lands.
Range Extent Comments
Florida Bear-grass (Nolina atopocarpa) occurs in the southeastern United States, and it is endemic to Florida. It occurs in the central Florida Panhandle in Liberty, Franklin, and Wakulla counties, and in the Florida Peninsula in Brevard, Charlotte, Highlands, Lee, Marion, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, St. Johns, and Volusia counties (Clewell 1985, Wunderlin 1998, FNA 2002, FNAI 2025, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Range extent was estimated to be 92500 square kilometers, using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are about 75 occurrences of Florida Bear-grass rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Florida Bear-grass (Nolina atopocarpa) is threatened by the loss of habitat with development and urbanization, and it is vulnerable to certain intensive forestry site preparation methods (such as root raking, bedding, bulldozing, drainage, deep or double chop) and lack of fire with long-term fire suppression. Invasive exotic plants have been documented at some occurrences, and may become an increasing threat (Kral 1983, FNAI 2025).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Nolina atopocarpa may be characterized by capsule unsymmetrical, 3-4 mm wide and seeds closely invested by the capsule (Small 1933).

Habitat

Nolina atopocarpa occurs in grassy areas of mesic flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods, wet pine flatwoods, pine savannas, and in Florida dry prairie. It occurs in sandy loam soil, often with peat or is deeply rooted in black, sandy-peaty, long hydroperiod soil. It occurs at elevations of 0 - 50 meters. It is fire tolerant and probably fire dependent (Kral 1983, Wunderlin 1998, FNA 2002, FNAI 2025, NatureServe 2025, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2025).

Ecology

Prescribed fires are recommended to promote flowering and reduce competition from woody plants (FNAI 2025).

Reproduction

Nolina atopocarpa flowers in spring and summer, mostly in May, continuing into July, in seed July to September (Kral 1983, Clewell 1985, Wunderlin 1998, FNA 2002, iNaturalist 2025, SEINet 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - ConiferSavanna
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
FloridaS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.2 - Wood & pulp plantationsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensityRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightLow (long-term)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightLow (long-term)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, SPRING-FLOWERING, SUMMER-FLOWERING
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
Florida (3)
AreaForestAcres
Gum BayApalachicola National Forest11,645
Long BayApalachicola National Forest5,726
SavannahApalachicola National Forest1,927
References (12)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2025. Field Guide Account for Florida Beargrass <i>Nolina atopocarpa </i>Bartlett. Online. Available: https://www.fnai.org/PDFs/FieldGuides/Nolina_atopocarpa.pdf (Accessed 2025).
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  4. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Kral, R. 1983c. A report on some rare, threatened, or endangered forest-related vascular plants of the South. USFS Tech. Publ. R8-TP 2, Atlanta, GA. 2 Vol. 1305 pp.
  7. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  8. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  9. Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. Two volumes. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  11. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).
  12. Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. University Press of Florida: Gainesville, Florida. 806 pp.