Peltandra sagittifolia

(Michx.) Morong

Spoon-flower

G3Vulnerable (G3G4) Found in 4 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160008
Element CodePMARA0E020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderArales
FamilyAraceae
GenusPeltandra
Other Common Names
white arrow arum (EN) White Arrow-arum (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2013-01-23
Change Date1999-06-07
Edition Date2013-01-23
Edition AuthorsD. Gries (1998), rev. L. Morse (1998), rev. C. Nordman (2013).
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Rare species of Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Limited to a seepage or saturated wetland habitat on acidic peaty sand. This wetland plant is vulnerable or imperiled throughout much of its range, but may be apparently secure in Florida.
Range Extent Comments
Endemic to the Southeastern Coastal Plain, ranges from eastern North Carolina south to Florida and west to Mississippi (Weakley 1996). Kartesz, 1998, includes Virginia and Louisiana in this taxon's range, but it is now considered as falsely reported for Virginia (NatureServe central database as of November 2012) and is not documented in Louisiana in recent treatments (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2000, Thomas and Allen 1993).
Occurrences Comments
Considered to be vulnerable (S3) in Mississippi, vulnerable or imperiled (S2S3) in North Carolina, imperiled (S2) in South Carolina, Alabama, and probably imperiled (S2?) in Georgia (NatureServe central database as of November 2012). It is perhaps most abundant in Florida, where it is considered vulnerable or apparently secure S3S4 (NatureServe central database as of November 2012).
Threat Impact Comments
Dams in streamheads to create aquaculture ponds for fish, and minor drainage associated with ongoing intensive pine management are both threats to this wetland plant which thrives in saturated peaty sands. Feral hog rooting is a threat to this plant in the coastal plain seepage habitat where it occurs (Engeman et al. 2007).
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Perennial arum from a short rootstock; the inflorescence consists of a spadix subtended be a flared white spathe.

Diagnostic Characteristics

This white arum has a white spathe which is flared and open, and the fruit are red berries.

Habitat

Bogs (Radford, 1968). Pocosins (Weakley, 1996).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
FloridaS3Yes
LouisianaS1Yes
GeorgiaS2Yes
South CarolinaS2Yes
North CarolinaS2Yes
MississippiS3Yes
AlabamaS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.2 - Wood & pulp plantationsRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (4)
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Impassable BayOsceola National Forest2,789
North Carolina (3)
AreaForestAcres
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
References (10)
  1. Engeman, R. M., A. Stevens, J. Allen, J. Dunlap, M. Daniel, D. Teague, and B. Constantin. 2007. Feral swine management for conservation of an imperiled wetland habitat: Floridas vanishing seepage slopes. Biological Conservation 134:440-446.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1998. Review draft of forthcoming volume on smaller monocot families. (Received 5/98).
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2000. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 352 pp.
  4. FNA Editorial Committee [Flora of North America Editorial Committee], editor. 2000. Flora of North America, volume 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford University Press, New York. 352 pp.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Kartesz, J. T., and C. Meacham. 1998c. Unpublished review draft of Floristic Synthesis, 17 Aug 1998. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC.
  7. Porcher, R. D., and D. A. Rayner. 2001. A guide to the wildflowers of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia. 551 pp.
  8. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 1183 pp.
  9. Weakley, A.S. 1996. Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia: working draft of 23 May 1996. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Southern Conservation Science Dept., Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Unpaginated.
  10. Weakley, A. S. 2012. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working Draft of 28 September 2012. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Online. Available: http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm (Accessed 2012).