Platanthera flava

(L.) Lindl.

Southern Rein Orchid

G5Secure Found in 7 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142099
Element CodePMORC1Y080
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
CITESAppendix II
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderOrchidales
FamilyOrchidaceae
GenusPlatanthera
Synonyms
Habenaria flava(L.) R. Br.Orchis flavaL.
Other Common Names
Pale-green Orchid (EN) palegreen orchid (EN) Platanthère à gorge tuberculée (FR) Tubercled Orchid (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-10-14
Change Date2009-02-04
Edition Date2024-10-14
Edition AuthorsK. Crowley, rev. N. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Platanthera flava is a perennial orchid occurring in alluvial floodplains and forests, hardwoods, white-cedar, cypress swamps, wet meadows, seeps, thickets, and salt marshes of eastern North America, from Nova Scotia and southern Quebec, Canada, west to Minnesota, south to Texas, and east to Florida in the United States. There are over 700 occurrences of this species, which are threatened in many areas by habitat loss, especially in floodplain forests and wet prairies. Additional threats include over-collection, excessive grazing, and succession by woody species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and high number of occurrences, Platanthera flava is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Platanthera flava occurs in eastern North America from Nova Scotia and southern Quebec, Canada west to Minnesota, south to Texas, and east to Florida in the United States (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be over 3 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). See individual entries for distribution details about the two varieties.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are more than 700 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Platanthera flava is threatened by the destruction of wetland habitat through development, rights-of-way construction and maintenance, logging, drainage, and other hydrological alterations (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002, NatureServe 2024). Additional likely threats to this species include over-collection, excessive grazing, and succession by woody species.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Platanthera flava occurs in alluvial and floodplain forests, hardwoods, white-cedar, and cypress swamps, riparian thickets, wet meadows, wet prairies, seeps, and salt marshes (FNA 2002).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
KentuckyS4Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
New YorkSNRYes
ConnecticutSUYes
FloridaS3Yes
MinnesotaS2Yes
OklahomaS1Yes
PennsylvaniaSNRYes
South CarolinaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
North CarolinaS3Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
MissouriS2Yes
IowaS2Yes
VermontS2Yes
VirginiaS3Yes
TexasS2Yes
MississippiS4Yes
MarylandS2Yes
MaineS2Yes
New JerseySNRYes
IndianaS3Yes
District of ColumbiaSXYes
ArkansasS2Yes
MichiganS3Yes
LouisianaS3Yes
GeorgiaS3Yes
OhioSNRYes
AlabamaS3Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
DelawareS1Yes
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
New BrunswickS1Yes
QuebecSNRYes
Nova ScotiaS3Yes
OntarioS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownUnknown
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureUnknownUnknownUnknown
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingUnknownUnknownUnknown
2.3.4 - Scale unknown/unrecordedUnknownUnknownUnknown
4 - Transportation & service corridorsUnknownUnknownUnknown
5 - Biological resource useUnknownUnknownUnknown
5.2 - Gathering terrestrial plantsUnknownUnknownUnknown
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingUnknownUnknownUnknown
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensityUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.2 - Dams & water management/useUnknownUnknownUnknown

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (7)
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
North Fork PoundJefferson National Forest4,757
West Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Little Allegheny MountainMonongahela National Forest10,514
Spice RunMonongahela National Forest6,251
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).