Platanthera zothecina

(Higgins & Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi

Alcove Bog Orchid

G3Vulnerable Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
Data deficientIUCN
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.138625
Element CodePMORC1Y130
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNData deficient
CITESAppendix II
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderOrchidales
FamilyOrchidaceae
GenusPlatanthera
Synonyms
Habenaria zothecinaHiggins & WelshLimnorchis zothecina(Higgins & Welsh) W.A. Weber
Other Common Names
alcove bog orchid (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-02-06
Change Date2023-02-06
Edition Date2023-02-06
Edition AuthorsB. Franklin, rev. B. Franklin (1996), rev. DT Wasinger, S. Spackman, rev. A. Treher (2014, 2023)
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Platanthera zothecina is an orchid of the arid west that occurs in riparian areas and around seeps and springs, including hanging gardens, of the Colorado Plateau in eastern (largely) Utah, northwestern Colorado, and northern Arizona. There are around 60 occurrences. Range wide threats include climate change (increasing temperatures, less precipitation, extreme weather) and long term drought and grazing and trampling by livestock. However, many of the sites are inaccessible, protecting them from disturbance by livestock, recreation, and development. An assessment of short term trends relies on additional site surveys and is complicated by insufficient population counts through time and dormancy due to unfavorable conditions.
Range Extent Comments
Platanthera zothecina occurs in the western United States on the Colorado Plateau along the drainages of the Colorado and Green rivers from Dinosaur National Park to Glen Canyon Natural Resource Area and into Navajo Nation. It is found in Colorado (Moffat County), Utah (Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Uintah and San Juan Counties), and northeastern Arizona (Navajo, Coconino and Apache Counties).
Occurrences Comments
There are five occurrences in Colorado (CNHP 2022), 20-22 in Arizona (AGFD 2013), and 37 in Utah (UNHP 2021). There are many occurrences that haven't been surveyed for over 20 years, and their status is uncertain.
Threat Impact Comments
Hydrological alteration, drought and other climatic changes, invasive species, and livestock grazing, trampling, and supporting development for livestock are the primary threats to this species across its range (Rondeau et al. 2011, CNHP 2022, UNHP 2021, Albright et al. 2022). This species occurs in riparian areas and hanging garden communities that are dependent on seeps and springs on the cliff faces. Drought and diversion of the mesa top springs and streams to other uses could create conditions that are unfavorable to the species, leading to site extirpations or loss of available habitat. In Utah, trampling, grazing, and related disturbances are issues at some sites but drought is a threat throughout. Climate change is a threat to the species habitat (Handwerk et al. 2015) through rising temperatures, less precipitation to recharge groundwater, and increased frequency and severity of droughts (Albright et al. 2022). Many of the hanging garden communities are difficult to access and protected from anthropogenic disturbance and development. In addition, the species may be threatened by flooding and rock fall and herbivory or at least influence annual population sizes. Herbivory has been shown to reduce fruit set in some years and possibly long-term recruitment at one occurrence (Hudson 2001).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species occurs in several microsites in hanging garden communities: 1) at bases of alcove face-walls with flowing drip-line or with seepage down wall, 2) in protection of dense vegetation or under rock debris of alcove foot slope , 3) shaded sites along streams, and 4) shaded seeps, at 1,204 to 1,951 m (3,950 to 6,400 ft). Typical sites are shaded for most of the day; those facing south and receiving light through much of the day support few if any plants. Commonly associated species: Aquilegia micrantha, Toxicodendron rydbergii, Cirsium rydbergii, Epipactus gigantea, Panicum virgatum, and Primula specuicola. Other associated species include: Betula occidentalis, Muhlenbergia thurberi, Rhamnus betulifolia, Carex aurea, Equisetum hyemale, Mimulus eastwoodiae, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Acer negundo, Typha sp., Salix exigua, Apocynum cannabinum, Clematis ligusticifolia, Oenothera longissima, Quercus gambelii, Mahonia fremontii, and Smilicina stellata. It can be found within mixed Great Basin desertscrub, pinyon-juniper, and oak brush communities (Hudson 2001, Welsh et al. 2015).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandWoodland - ConiferShrubland/chaparralDesertBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
ColoradoS1Yes
Navajo NationS2Yes
ArizonaS2Yes
UtahS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3.4 - Scale unknown/unrecordedRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceNegligible (<1%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesNegligible (<1%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
10 - Geological eventsUnknownUnknownModerate - low
10.3 - Avalanches/landslidesUnknownUnknownModerate - low
11 - Climate change & severe weatherLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh - low
11.2 - DroughtsLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh - low
11.4 - Storms & floodingUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Utah (1)
AreaForestAcres
Box - Death HollowDixie National Forest3,175
References (11)
  1. Albright, J., K. Struthers, L. Baril, J. Spence, M. Brunson, and K. Hyde. 2022. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. Natural Resource Report NPS/SCPN/NRR—2022/2374. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. https://doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.
  2. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2013. Element Subnational Ranking Form: <i>Platanthera zothecina</i> in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 2023).
  3. Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP). 2022. Element Subnational Ranking Form: Platanthera zothecina in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 2023).
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  5. Franklin, M.A. 1992. Report for 1991 Challenge Cost Share Project, Bureau of Land Management, Moab District. Target species: Perityle specuicola Welsh & Moore (alcove rock-daisy) and Habenaria zothecina Welsh & Higgins (alcove bog-orchid). Utah Natural Heritage Program, Salt Lake City. 12 pp + appendices.
  6. Handwerk, J., L. Grunau, and S. Spackman-Panjabi. 2015. Colorado Wildlife Action Plan: 2015 Rare Plant Addendum. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  7. Hudson, L.E. 2001. A preliminary population study of alcove bog orchid (P<i>latanthera</i><i> zothecina</i>) at Navajo National Monument, Arizona. In: Maschinski, J., L. Holter, tech. eds. Southwestern rare and endangered plants: Proceedings of the Third Conference; 2000 September 25-28; Flagstaff, AZ. Proceedings RMRS-P-23. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 99-104.
  8. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  9. Rondeau, R., K. Decker, J. Handwerk, J. Siemers, L. Grunau, and C. Pague. 2011. The state of Colorado's biodiversity 2011. Prepared for The Nature Conservancy. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
  10. Utah Natural Heritage Program (UNHP). 2021. Element Subnational Ranking Form: <i>Platanthera zothecina</i> in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 2023).
  11. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins. (Eds). 2015. A Utah flora, fifth edition, revised 2015. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, Utah. 987 pp.