Schoenoplectus americanus

(Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller

Three-square Bulrush

G5Secure Found in 9 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160106
Element CodePMCYP0Q020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusSchoenoplectus
Synonyms
Scirpus americanaPers.Scirpus americanusPers.
Other Common Names
American bulrush (EN) Chairmaker's Bulrush (EN) chairmaker's bulrush (EN) Scirpe d'Amérique (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
In their entry for Schoenoplectus americanus, Weakley et al. (2024) say, "Schuyler (1974) discussed the need to replace the name S. olneyi (as traditionally applied) with S. americanus, traditionally applied to what must now be called S. pungens. Because of this nomenclatural change, the interpretation of much information and records is now uncertain."
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-04-01
Change Date1984-09-06
Edition Date2024-04-01
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Schoenoplectus americanus is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid in tidal freshwater to brackish marshes, shores, and fens from Nova Scotia and British Columbia, Canada, Alaska, and Maine west to Washington and south to Florida west to California in the United States, the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Threats include succession, alteration of hydrology, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and over 600 occurrences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Schoenoplectus americanus occurs in the Americas, from Nova Scotia and British Columbia, Canada, Alaska, and Maine west to Washington and south to Florida west to California in the United States, the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Range extent was estimated to be almost 50 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are over 600 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Schoenoplectus americanus is threatened by succession, alteration of hydrology, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Schoenoplectus americanus grows in tidal freshwater, mineral-rich or brackish marshes, shores, fens (FNA 2006, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fen
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaSUYes
Nova ScotiaS3Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WyomingS2Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
FloridaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
AlaskaSNRYes
UtahSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
West VirginiaSHYes
New MexicoSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
KansasSHYes
TexasSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
VirginiaS4Yes
NevadaS3Yes
North CarolinaS1Yes
DelawareS4Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
MichiganS1Yes
South CarolinaS3Yes
New JerseyS4Yes
New YorkS5Yes
ArizonaSNRYes
IowaS4Yes
ArkansasSNRYes
ColoradoS3Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
OhioS1Yes
MississippiS1Yes
NebraskaSNRYes
MissouriSHYes
IllinoisS3Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
MontanaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (9)
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
MuldoonPrescott National Forest5,821
California (2)
AreaForestAcres
Sespe - FrazierAngeles National Forest4,254
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
Nevada (1)
AreaForestAcres
Georges CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest108,551
New Mexico (1)
AreaForestAcres
Gila BoxGila National Forest23,759
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
Utah (3)
AreaForestAcres
418014Uinta National Forest9,683
418015Uinta National Forest17,289
418016Uinta National Forest35,240
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  6. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.