Home/Species/ English Peak Greenbrier

Smilax jamesii

G. Wallace

English Peak Greenbrier

G3Vulnerable (G3G4) Found in 13 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →

G3VulnerableGlobal Rank

High - lowThreat Impact

Identity

Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143546

Element CodePMSMI010D0

Record TypeSPECIES

ClassificationSpecies

Classification StatusStandard

Name CategoryVascular Plant

Endemicendemic to a single state or province

KingdomPlantae

PhylumAnthophyta

ClassMonocotyledoneae

OrderLiliales

FamilySmilacaceae

GenusSmilax

Concept Reference

Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Conservation Status

Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x

Review Date2016-09-19

Change Date2016-09-19

Edition Date2016-09-19

Edition AuthorsGries, D., and M. Martinez. rev. M. Fellows (2003); rev. R. Bittman (2005), rev. K. Gravuer (2009), rev. Treher (2016), rev. R. Bittman (2016)

Threat ImpactHigh - low

Range Extent5000-20,000 square km (about 2000-8000 square miles)

Number of Occurrences81 - 300

Rank Reasons

California endemic that is known from Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties in the northern part of the state. Approximately 158 occurrences are known, mostly on National Forest lands, but also found on private timber lands. Threats include logging, mining, trampling, power lines, and grazing. Smilax jamesii has quite a few occurrences, but most are quite small, and on lands where logging occurs, in addition to other threats.

Range Extent Comments

Known for certain from Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties, California; considered a California endemic. Has also been reported from adjacent Josephine County, Oregon, but that report is doubtful.

Occurrences Comments

There are 158 mapped occurrences, 12 of which have not been seen in over 20 years (CNDDB 2016). Has also been reported from one site in Josephine County, Oregon, but that report is doubtful.

Threat Impact Comments

This plant occurs at relatively high elevations along streams and lake margins, making surveys difficult and unlikely to be complete (also protecting it from development, however). Nevertheless, most of the known occurrences are on logged lands owned by USFS or by private timber companies. One population occurs adjacent to an active gold mine that is slated for closure. Other threats noted include road building (usually associated with logging), power lines, grazing and recreation or trampling. Most occurrences list some threats with logging being the most common (CNDDB 2016).

Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Broadleafed upland forest (?), lower montane coniferous forest, marshes and swamps (streambanks and lake margins), North Coast coniferous forest (Skinner, 1997).

Terrestrial Habitats

Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferForest - Mixed

Palustrine Habitats

HERBACEOUS WETLANDSCRUB-SHRUB WETLANDRiparian

Other Nations (1)

United StatesN3

Province	Rank	Native
California	S3	Yes

Threat Assessments

Threat	Scope	Severity	Timing
2 - Agriculture & aquaculture	Small (1-10%)	Serious - slight	High (continuing)
3 - Energy production & mining	Small (1-10%)	Unknown	High (continuing)
5 - Biological resource use	Large (31-70%)	Serious - slight	High (continuing)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvesting	Large (31-70%)	Serious - slight	High (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbance	Restricted (11-30%)	Serious - slight	High (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activities	Restricted (11-30%)	Serious - slight	High (continuing)
9 - Pollution	Small (1-10%)	Unknown	High (continuing)
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluents	Small (1-10%)	Unknown	High (continuing)
9.3.2 - Soil erosion, sedimentation	Small (1-10%)	Unknown	High (continuing)

Plant Characteristics

DurationPERENNIAL

Economic Value (Genus)No

Roadless Areas (13)

California (13)

Area	Forest	Acres
Blue Creek Rare I	Six Rivers National Forest	12,134
Bonanza King	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	16,402
Box Camp	Klamath National Forest	858
China Springs B	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	568
Devils Rock	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	16,209
Johnson	Klamath National Forest	10,652
Lake Eleanor	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	397
Orleans Mtn.	Klamath National Forest	49,090
Shackleford	Klamath National Forest	1,679
Siskiyou	Klamath National Forest	54,039
Siskiyou B	Six Rivers National Forest	18,871
Snoozer	Klamath National Forest	23,414
Weaver Bally	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	829

References (5)

California Department of Fish and Game. 1997. RareFind 2 personal computer program. Information dated March 1999. Sacramento, California.
California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2001. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California (sixth edition). Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee, David P. Tibor, Convening Editor. California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. x + 388pp.
California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). 2016. RareFind Version 5.1.1. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Skinner, M.W., and B.M. Pavlik, eds. 1997 (1994). Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 1997 Electronic Inventory Update of 1994 5th edition, California Native Plant Society, Special Publication No. 1, Sacramento.

Smilax jamesii

Habitat

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