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Castilleja revealii

N. Holmgren

Reveal's Indian-paintbrush

G3Vulnerable Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160153
Element CodePDSCR0D2R0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderScrophulariales
FamilyOrobanchaceae
GenusCastilleja
Synonyms
Castilleja parvula var. revealii(N. Holmgren) Atwood
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Treated as Castilleja parvula var. revealii by some botanists (Welsh 1986, Welsh et al. 1993), but considered a distinct species by Kartesz (1994 checklist), and in a recent revision of the subtribe Castillejinae (Tank et al. 2009).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-12-30
Change Date2024-12-30
Edition Date2024-12-30
Edition AuthorsRoth, E., rev. D. Atwood, rev. B. Franklin (1996), rev. C. Nordman (2013), rev. Johnson, J. (2024)
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent1000-5000 square km (about 400-2000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Castilleja revealii is a hemiparasitic herb that is endemic to the Paunsaugunt and Markagunt plateaus in Garfield, Kane, and Iron counties of south central Utah. It is restricted to Claron Formation limestone talus and badlands. Some occurrences are protected within Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument and occurrences on the Dixie National Forest are not impacted by many disturbances.
Range Extent Comments
Castilleja revealii is endemic to outcrops of the Claron Formation in Garfield, Kane and Iron counties, in south-central Utah, United States. Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are 28 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Recreation, such as off-road vehicle and non-motorized trail impacts (Madsen 2009), and grazing could be threats, but in the past grazing has not occurred on the areas of the Dixie National Forest where this plant grows (Atwood et al. 1991 cited by Rodriguez 2004). While roads and trails exist in the area of occurrences, most avoid crossing the cliff and badland habitats where this species grows. Shifting habitat and loss of habitat associated with climate change could threaten populations of this plant but the severity is unknown.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

A perennial which has a soft woody caudex above a cluster of roots. It has one to rarely three unbranched stems 0.8-1.5 dm tall, which often are reddish-purple. The old stems persist on the plant with leaves 2.0 - 3.5 cm long, linear-lanceolate to entire. The uppermost leaves have small lobes on the sides. The inflorescence is magenta to rose colored with broadly lanceolate to ovate lobes. Sepals are green to the base, magenta-rose above, and 1.6 - 2.7 cm long, with glandular hairs. Petals are green with magenta-rose colored margins and slight glandular hairs on the back (Rodriguez 2004).

Diagnostic Characteristics

Plants short, 1-3 stems which are only 0.8-1.5 dm tall with crimson to magenta bracts (Holmgren 1973). Limited to Garfield, Iron and Kane Counties of south central Utah.

Habitat

Castilleja revealii grows in barren openings on gravelly limestone soil of the Claron Formation in ponderosa pine and bristlecone pine woodlands, and manzanita plant communities (Rodriguez 2004, FNA 2019).

Reproduction

The fruit is a capsule about one cm long with seeds that are dispersed by wind, small birds, and mammals (Rodriguez 2004).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandWoodland - ConiferBarrens
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
UtahS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceSmall (1-10%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesSmall (1-10%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherRestricted (11-30%)UnknownLow (long-term)

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
Utah (3)
AreaForestAcres
FishhookDixie National Forest12,959
HancockDixie National Forest9,809
Lava BedsDixie National Forest14,944
References (16)
  1. Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren. 1984. Intermountain Flora: Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 4, Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 573 pp.
  2. Fertig, W. and D. N. Reynolds. 2009. Survey of Rare Plants of Cedar Breaks National Monument: Final Report CPCESU Cooperative Agreement # H1200-004-0002 Survey Rare Plants and Establish Compliance with Conservation Agreement for Arizona Willow at Cedar Breaks National Monument. Prepared for Cedar Breaks National Monument, The Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and Southern Utah University. 20 January 2009.
  3. Fertig, W. and D. N. Reynolds. 2012. The contribution of Cedar Breaks National Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Calochortiana 1: 35-45.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2019. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 17: Magnoliophyta: Tetrachondraceae to Orobanchaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 737 pp.
  5. Franklin, M.A. 2005. Plant information compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program: A progress report. Publication Number 05-40. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, Utah. 341 pp. [http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/ViewReports/plantrpt.htm]
  6. Holmgren, N. H. 1973. Five new species of <i>Castilleja </i>(Scrophulariaceae) from the Intermountain region. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100(2): 83-93.
  7. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  8. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  9. Madsen, M. T. 2009. Biological Evaluation of Sensitive Plant Species for the Motorized Travel Plan Project Preferred Alternative with Modifications. Dixie National Forest. [http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/dixie/projects/MTP/feis/specialist_reports/plant_be.pdf]
  10. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  11. Rodriguez, R. L., compiler. 2004. Life History and Analysis of Endangered, Threatened, Candidate, Sensitive, and Management Indicator Species of the Dixie National Forest. Version 4.0, Revised February 2004. [www.fs.fed.us/r4/dixie/publications/02-2004_dixie_life_history_report.pdf]
  12. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  13. Tank, D.C., J.M. Egger, and R.O. Olmstead. 2009. Phylogenetic classification of subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae). Systematic Botany 34(1):182-197.
  14. Welsh, S.L. 1979. Illustrated manual of proposed endangered and threatened plants of Utah. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT. 318 pp.
  15. Welsh, S. L. 1986. New taxa and combinations in the Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist 46(2):254-260.
  16. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins (eds.) 1993. A Utah flora. 2nd edition. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah. 986 pp.