Chelone cuthbertii

Small

Cuthbert's Turtlehead

G3Vulnerable Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
High - mediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158507
Element CodePDSCR0F010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPlantaginales
FamilyPlantaginaceae
GenusChelone
Other Common Names
Cuthbert's turtlehead (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-06-28
Change Date2000-01-31
Edition Date2023-06-27
Edition AuthorsJ.L. Amoroso, rev. Treher (2018), rev. Eberly (2023)
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Chelone cuthbertii is endemic to the southeastern United States, occurring in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia, and historically, South Carolina. There are nearly 80 occurrences. Woody encroachment/succession, siltation, and altered hydrology are the primary threats to the species habitat.
Range Extent Comments
Chelone cuthbertii has a unusual distribution in the mountains and, rarely, the upper Piedmont of western North Carlina and northern Georgia, and with disjunct occurrences on the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina (Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2023). While it occurs near Tennessee, there are no verified reports to date. It is considered extirpated in South Carolina.
Occurrences Comments
There are 4 occurrences in Georgia, 50 in North Carolina, and 23 in Virginia.
Threat Impact Comments
The primary threats to this species are woody encroachment/succession, siltation, and altered hydrology caused by logging activities, development, road maintenance, altered hydrology, and drainage of bogs. Other threats include grazing by domestic animals and deer and off road vehicles.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species grows in bogs, seeps, swampy woods, and wet meadows (Radford et al. 1968, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
North CarolinaS3Yes
VirginiaS2Yes
GeorgiaS1Yes
South CarolinaSXYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Extreme - moderateHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
4 - Transportation & service corridorsSmall (1-10%)Serious - slightLow (long-term)
4.1 - Roads & railroadsSmall (1-10%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource useSmall (1-10%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingSmall (1-10%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsSmall (1-10%)Extreme - moderateHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useSmall (1-10%)Extreme - moderateHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Extreme - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Extreme - moderateHigh (continuing)
9 - PollutionSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluentsSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
9.3.3 - Herbicides and pesticidesSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (5)
North Carolina (4)
AreaForestAcres
Big Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest1,155
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Middle Prong AdditionPisgah National Forest1,852
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
South Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ellicott Rock 1Sumter National Forest301
References (5)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2019. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 17: Magnoliophyta: Tetrachondraceae to Orobanchaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 737 pp.
  2. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 1183 pp.
  5. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.