Symphyotrichum undulatum

(L.) Nesom

Wavyleaf Aster

G5Secure Found in 16 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.147081
Element CodePDASTE8350
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae
GenusSymphyotrichum
Synonyms
Aster undulatusL.
Other Common Names
Aster ondulé (FR) Wavyleaf American-aster (EN) wavyleaf aster (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-07-25
Change Date1994-02-03
Edition Date1994-02-03
Edition AuthorsOstlie, W. R. (MRO), 1998 update-S.L.Neid, MRO
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Rank Reasons
Widespread and common throughout much of eastern North America. Rare on the western and northern periphery of its range. Aster undulatus is found throughout the central and eastern United States (east of and including Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, and Michigan) and southeastern Canada (Quebec and Nova Scotia). Aster undulatus is an inhabitant of dry, open, sandy and rocky woodlands and open clearings throughout eastern and central North America.
Range Extent Comments
Aster undulatus is found throughout the central and eastern United States (east of and including Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, and Michigan) and southeastern Canada (Quebec and Nova Scotia).
Occurrences Comments
The species is abundant throughout much of eastern North America.
Threat Impact Comments
The loss of the natural fire regime throughout the range of this species has resulted in the loss of open woodland and other suitable habitat for Aster undulatus. As a result, habitats have grown closed. Habitat succession and encroachment of woody plants could eliminate populations of A. undulatus through competition and shading (Homoya 1992). Any other changes to the habitat away from the dry, open, and well-drained characteristics that are needed by this species are a threat.

Although light levels of grazing may serve to maintain the open character of woodlands, excessive grazing by livestock is a threat. Physical disturbance and soil compaction will likely eliminate populations and degrade or destroy habitat (Popp 1993).

Urbanization and other developmental activities (e.g., agricultural cultivation) may cause the loss of suitable habitat (Anglin 1993, Popp 1993).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Aster undulatus may be distinguished from the similar-appearing A. anomalus by using several characters. Aster anomalus has stouter rhizomes, up to twice as many rays (20-40) which are bright blue, thicker leaves and reflexed, green-tipped bracts (Gleason and Cronquist 1991).

Habitat

Aster undulatus is an inhabitant of dry, open, sandy and rocky woodlands and open clearings throughout eastern and central North America (Gleason and Cronquist 1991, Mohlenbrock 1975, Peterson and McKenny 1968, Rickett 1963, Gleason 1952, Small 1933).

A collection of A. undulatus from Alabama lists habitat as dry woods and dry, open places (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

In Delaware, A. undulatus is common, occurring in dry woods throughout the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic regions (McAvoy 1993).

Florida habitats include waste places with poor soil (Anglin 1993) and high pine-oak woods (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

A collection from Georgia listed habitat as being dry woods near the Chattahoochee River (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

Occupied habitat in Illinois consists of dry, open woods with thin soils over sandstone, open sandstone slopes and outcrops (Illinois Natural Heritage Division 1992, Mohlenbrock 1975).

In Indiana, A. undulatus habitat consists of dry, rocky woodlands and barrens, as well as high, open ridges and high, wooded banks (Homoya 1992, Deam 1940, University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)). Populations typically occur in association with calcareous substrates, but acidic sites are also known (Homoya 1992).

Kentucky populations of A. undulatus are known from wooded banks, dry-mesic woodlands and woodland edges throughout much of the state. A 1942 collection from McCreary County listed the species as being common in open hardwoods and burned over areas (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

In Maine, a collection of A. undulatus was made from a dry roadside (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

In Maryland, habitat includes the border of woods, clearings in rich woods, dry woods and sandy woodland borders (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

Populations in New Hampshire are known from sandy, open woods and dry shaded slopes (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

New Jersey collection labels list habitat as dry soil and woods. One collection noted the encroachment of the species along railroad tracks (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

Collections of plants from New York suggest edges of thickets, sandy barrens, dry sandy fields, dry hilly woods and hills as occupied habitats (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

In North Carolina, A. undulatus is fairly ubiquitous in dry to mesic forests, open woodlands and disturbed sites (roadsides along woods, etc.) (Weakley 1993, University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)). Sometimes it occurs in fire-maintained habitats, such as longleaf pine/turkey oak sandhills (Weakley 1993).

In Nova Scotia, A. undulatus habitat includes dry, open woods and thickets and is often found invading old fields (Maher et al. 1978, Roland and Smith 1969).

Aster undulatus is one of the most common asters in eastern Ohio, with numerous extensive populations (Cusick 1993). Within the state it occupies dry, open woods (mixed oak, oak-pine or other woodland communities) and thickets. These sites are well-drained and often acidic (Cusick 1993, Fisher 1988).

One doubtful record of the species is known from Ontario. Its habitat was described as dry, sandy woodlands (Semple et al. 1988, Argus et al. 1982-1987).

In Pennsylvania, A. undulatus is a common species, found in dry, well-drained, open woodlands, woods borders, scrub oak barrens and similar habitats (Kunsman 1993, Wiegman 1993, University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)). Associated plant species include Acer rubrum, Carya spp., Gaylussacia baccata, Hamamelis spp., Kalmia latifolia, Melampyrum lineare, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus rigida, P. virginiana, Quercus ilicifolia, Solidago juncea, S. nemoralis and Vaccinium spp. (Kunsman 1993).

South Carolina habitat has been described as oak-hickory forest (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).

The habitat in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee is submesic to subxeric woods at low to mid elevations (Rock 1992). Collections of the species at the University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN) list habitat within the state as dry, rocky woods and roadsides in forested and agricultural areas.

In Vermont, the habitat for this species is dry fields and large openings in dry woods (Popp 1993).

West Virginia habitats include open woods (University of Minnesota Herbarium (MIN)).
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
OhioSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
FloridaS4Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
IllinoisS1Yes
IndianaS3Yes
MichiganSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
DelawareS4Yes
VermontS4Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
MississippiSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
New YorkS5Yes
VirginiaS4Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
New JerseyS5Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
Nova ScotiaS3Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (16)
North Carolina (10)
AreaForestAcres
Barkers Creek (addition)Nantahala National Forest975
Big Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest1,155
Boteler PeakNantahala National Forest4,205
Chunky Gal (addition)Nantahala National Forest3,336
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Mill MountainGeorge Washington National Forest10,840
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
North Mountain HopevilleMonongahela National Forest6,525
References (29)
  1. Anglin, G. 1993. Botanist, National Forests of Florida. Personal communication with Donn M. Ambrose, Midwestern Regional Office, The Nature Conservancy.
  2. Argus, G.W., K.M. Pryer, D.J. White, and C.J. Keddy. 1982-1987. Atlas of the Rare Vascular Plants of Ontario. Parts 1-4. Botany Divison, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario.
  3. Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. Volume I Asteraceae. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 261 p.
  4. Cusick, A. 1993. Chief botanist, Ohio Natural Heritage Program. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  5. Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana. Division of Forestry, Dept. of Conservation, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1236 pp.
  6. Fisher, T.R. 1988. The dicotyledonae of Ohio: Asteraceae. Ohio State University Press, Columbus.
  7. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2006b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 20. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxii + 666 pp.
  8. Gleason, H.A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 3 volumes. Hafner Press, New York. 1732 pp.
  9. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.
  10. Homoya, M. 1992. Ecologist/Botanist, Indiana Natural Heritage Data Center. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  11. Kartesz, J.T. 1993. Species distribution data for vascular plants of 70 geographical areas, from unpublished data files at the North Carolina Botanical Garden, July, 1993.
  12. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  13. Kunsman, J. 1993. Botanist, Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory-East. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  14. Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press. 494 pp.
  15. Mohlenbrock, R.H., and D.M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants. Southern Illinois Univ. Press, Carbondale, IL. 282 pp.
  16. Nelson, B.B. 1993. Forest wildlife biologist, Allegheny National Forest. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for DELPHINIUM EXALTATUM. 4 pp.
  17. New York Flora Association. 1990. Preliminary vouchered atlas of New York State flora. Edition 1. New York State Museum Institute, Albany. 496 pp.
  18. Peterson, R. T., and M. McKenny. 1968. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and Northcentral North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 393 pp. + plates.
  19. Popp, B. 1993. Botanist, Vermont Nongame and Natural Heritage Program. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  20. Rickett, H. W. 1963. The New Field Book of American Wild Flowers. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 392 pp. + plates.
  21. Rock, J. 1992. Botanist, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  22. Roland, A.E., and E.C. Smith. 1969. The flora of Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, NS.
  23. Roland, A.E. and E.C. Smith. 1983. The flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax.
  24. Semple, J.C. and S.B. Heard. 1987. The asters of Ontario: Aster L. and Virgulus Raf. (Compositae: Asteraceae). Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario.
  25. Semple, J.C., J.G. Chmielewski, and C.C. Chinnappa. 1983. Chromosome number determinations in ASTER L. (Compositae) with comments on cytogeography, phylogeny and chromosome morphology. Am. J. Bot. 70(10):1432-1443.
  26. Semple, J.C., S.B. Heard and C. Leeder. 1988a. A multivariate morphometric study and revision of ASTER subg. DOELLINGERIA sect. TRIPLOPAPPUS (Compositae: Astereae): The ASTER UMBELLATUS complex. Canadian J. Botany 69: 256-276.
  27. Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. Two volumes. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
  28. Weakley, A. 1993. Assistant Coordinator/Botanist, North Carolina Natural Heritage. Personal communication: ESA questionnaire for ASTER UNDULATUS. 4 pp.
  29. Wiegman, P.G. 1993. Director, Natural Science and Stewardship, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Personal communication with Donn M. Ambrose, Midwestern Regional Office, The Nature Conservancy. 2 pp.