Hydnellum fuscoindicum

(K.A. Harrison) E. Larss., K.H. Larss. & Kõljalg

Violet Hedgehog

G3Vulnerable Found in 14 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.57.10564
Element CodeNFSM000178
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryFungus
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomFungi
PhylumBasidiomycota
ClassBasidiomycetes
OrderThelephorales
FamilyBankeraceae
GenusHydnellum
Synonyms
Hydnum fuscoindicumK.A. HarrisonSarcodon fuscoindicus(K.A. Harrison) Maas Geest.
Concept Reference
Castellano, M.A., E. Cazares, B. Fondrick, and T. Dreisbach. 2003. Handbook to additional fungal species of Special Concern in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-572. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 144 pp. Online. Available: https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr572.pdf
Taxonomic Comments
Species Fungorum (2025) transfers Sarcodon fuscoindicus to Hydnellum fuscoindicum; these represent the same concept for the element.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Biotics v1
Review Date2019-03-29
Change Date2002-11-17
Edition Date2019-03-22
Edition AuthorsFrancisco J. Camacho (2002), rev. M. Russell (2017), rev. Treher (2019)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Sarcodon fuscoindicus is a striking and showy fungus that occurs from British Columbia south to California and west to Idaho. There are at least 67 occurrences. Additional information is necessary, especially surrounding potential occurrences in Mexico.
Range Extent Comments
Sarcodon fuscoindicus occurs throughout the Pacific Northwest including the Cascade and Olympic Mountains of Washington, the cascades and coast range in Oregon, the coastal mountains from Northern California from Del Norte to Santa Barbara County, and on the Idaho Panhandle. This species may occur in Mexico but taxonomic research is needed to confirm specimens from central Mexico are the same species
Occurrences Comments
There are 67 known occurrences of this species across its range.
Threat Impact Comments
This is a mycorrhizal species; it is dependent on a host tree for its carbohydrates. Studies have shown that if the tree is killed the mycorrhizal fungi die shorty after. The one possibly saving feature of this species is the spore bank. However, nothing is known about the spore bank of this species. Approximately 8 occurrences are in areas that may be threatened by residential development like Whidbey Island, Bremerton, and Mason Lake Washington, San Francisco, Calistoga, and Crescent City, California, and the McCall and Priest Lake areas in Idaho. Approximately 76% of the sites are not in permanently protected areas. If those sites are logged on a 40 year interval, around 19% of sites would be impacted over 10 years and around 76% would be impacted over 100 years.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species is usually found on moss near western hemlocks (Jones, 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - Conifer
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
OregonS2Yes
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS3Yes
SaskatchewanSUYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource useRestricted (11-30%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingRestricted (11-30%)UnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationEPHEMERAL FRUITING BODY
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (14)
California (1)
AreaForestAcres
KellySix Rivers National Forest5,195
Oregon (5)
AreaForestAcres
Moose LakeWillamette National Forest5,013
Opal CreekWillamette National Forest5,417
Twin LakesMt. Hood National Forest6,055
Wind CreekMt. Hood National Forest5,438
WoahinkSiuslaw National Forest5,309
Washington (8)
AreaForestAcres
Blue LakeGifford Pinchot National Forest11,359
BourbonGifford Pinchot National Forest4,512
Dark DivideGifford Pinchot National Forest52,483
Green MountainOlympic National Forest4,617
LightningOlympic National Forest7,179
Norse PeakWenatchee National Forest10,169
Salmo - Priest BColville National Forest11,869
Upper SkokomishOlympic National Forest9,311
References (7)
  1. Castellano, M.A., E. Cazares, B. Fondrick, and T. Dreisbach. 2003. Handbook to additional fungal species of Special Concern in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-572. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 144 pp. Online. Available: https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr572.pdf
  2. Index Fungorum and Species Fungorum. 2018. <i>In</i> Index Fungorum-Species Fungorum (<a href="https://indexfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://indexfungorum.org</a> and <a href="https://speciesfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://speciesfungorum.org</a>) database export on 16 June 2018. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Index Fungorum and Species Fungorum. 2023. <i>In</i> Index Fungorum-Species Fungorum (<a href="https://indexfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://indexfungorum.org</a> and <a href="https://speciesfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://speciesfungorum.org</a>) database export on 13 May 2023. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. Index Fungorum and Species Fungorum. 2025. <i>In</i> Index Fungorum-Species Fungorum (<a href="https://indexfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://indexfungorum.org</a> and <a href="https://speciesfungorum.org" target="_blank">https://speciesfungorum.org</a>) database export on 29 September 2025. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. Jones, J. 2023. <i>Sarcodon fuscoindicus</i>. Burke Herbarium Image Collection. Accessed: June 16, 2023. https://burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Sarcodon%20fuscoindicus
  6. MycoBank. 2025. MycoBank database download, export date January 2025. International Mycological Association. [http://www.mycobank.org]
  7. Species Fungorum. Species Fungorum Partnership (CABI, IT IS, Catalogue of Life). http://www.speciesfungorum.org. (accessed 2015)