Lilium philadelphicum

L.

Wood Lily

G5Secure Found in 41 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129053
Element CodePMLIL1A0L0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderLiliales
FamilyLiliaceae
GenusLilium
Other Common Names
Lis de Philadelphie (FR) Red Lily (EN) Red Wood Lily (EN) wood lily (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
FNA (vol. 26, 2002) lumps subspecific taxa.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-09-19
Change Date1984-06-07
Edition Date2024-09-19
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Lilium philadelphicum is a perennial herb occurring in tallgrass prairies, open woodlands, thickets, roadsides, powerlines, grassy balds, barrens, dunes, heathlands, and moist to wet mountain meadows of eastern North America from British Columbia east to Quebec, Canada, and Maine south to Georgia, west to New Mexico, and north to Montana in the United States, excluding Kansas and Oklahoma east through Florida. This species is rare and in decline in parts of its range due to habitat loss and predation by white-tailed deer. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent, a high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Lilium philadelphicum is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Lilium philadelphicum occurs in eastern North America, from British Columbia east to Quebec, Canada, and Maine south to Georgia, west to New Mexico, and north to Montana in the United States, excluding Kansas and Oklahoma east through Florida (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be 7.4 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are more than 3,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Lilium philadelphicum has declined rapidly in the Northeast due to the loss of prairie habitats to development and agriculture as well as predation by white-tailed deer (FNA 2002). Succession due to fire suppression is also a concern, and in many places in the east, populations persist in powerline rights-of-ways that are maintained by brush-clearing. Logging, invasive species, and collection from the wild for ornamental purposes are also potential threats (NatureServe 2024)
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

From CNHP Wetland Guide 2012: Main Characteristics:
·Tepals over 5 cm long, with maroon to blackish spots at base on the inside
·Leaves alternate with some leaves in whorls

Habitat

Lilium philadelphicum occurs in tallgrass prairies, open woodlands, thickets, roadsides, powerlines, grassy balds, barrens, dunes, heathlands, and moist to wet mountain meadows (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest EdgeGrassland/herbaceousSand/duneBarrens
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS3Yes
OntarioS5Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
ManitobaS4Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
North DakotaSNRYes
New YorkS4Yes
AlabamaS1Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
VermontS3Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSHYes
MontanaS3Yes
WyomingS2Yes
TennesseeS1Yes
OhioS2Yes
KentuckySNRYes
NebraskaS3Yes
ColoradoS3Yes
GeorgiaS1Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
New JerseySNRYes
West VirginiaS2Yes
MaineSNRYes
IndianaS2Yes
North CarolinaS1Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
TexasSNRYes
MarylandSHYes
IllinoisSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
VirginiaS3Yes
MichiganSNRYes
IowaS4Yes
New MexicoS3Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
DelawareSXYes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (41)
Colorado (3)
AreaForestAcres
Comanche Peak Adjacent AreaArapaho & Roosevelt NFs44,158
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
Government IslandHiawatha National Forest225
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Montana (14)
AreaForestAcres
BeartoothGallatin National Forest5,285
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
Fishtail SaddlebackCuster National Forest16,359
Lebeau RA 1507Flathead National Forest5,450
Line Creek PlateauCuster National Forest24,825
Marston Face # 172Kootenai National Forest9,098
Mt. Gmt Area HCuster National Forest1,335
North AbsarokaCuster National Forest21,063
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
Proposed Line Creek PrnaCuster National Forest389
Red Lodge Creek HellroaringCuster National Forest17,210
ReefGallatin National Forest2,500
Ten Lakes #683Kootenai National Forest48,545
Thompson Seton #483Kootenai National Forest29,379
New Hampshire (2)
AreaForestAcres
KearsargeWhite Mountain National Forest4,554
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
New Mexico (5)
AreaForestAcres
Guaje CanyonSanta Fe National Forest6,104
Holy GhostSanta Fe National Forest2,352
Lost LakeSanta Fe National Forest469
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
RendijaSanta Fe National Forest2,176
North Dakota (4)
AreaForestAcres
Collar / Bennett - CottonwoodDakota Prairie Grasslands19,697
DurlerDakota Prairie Grasslands12,464
Long X DivideDakota Prairie Grasslands10,099
McleodDakota Prairie Grasslands9,117
South Dakota (2)
AreaForestAcres
Beaver ParkBlack Hills National Forest5,010
Red ShirtBuffalo Gap National Grassland17,007
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Wyoming (7)
AreaForestAcres
Beartooth Proposed WildernessShoshone National Forest16,837
Bruce MountainBighorn National Forest5,417
Horse Creek MesaBighorn National Forest77,808
Laramie PeakMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest28,608
Sand CreekBlack Hills National Forest7,950
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
Walker PrairieBighorn National Forest62,434
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.