Epilobium coloratum

Biehler

Purpleleaf Willowherb

G5Secure Found in 9 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.136644
Element CodePDONA06060
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderMyrtales
FamilyOnagraceae
GenusEpilobium
Other Common Names
Épilobe coloré (FR) purpleleaf willowherb (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-22
Change Date1984-04-24
Edition Date2025-07-22
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Epilobium coloratum is a perennial forb occurring in wet areas, seepages, swamps, lowland forests, disturbed places, and streambanks of eastern North America south through the West Indies. In North America, it is found from Ontario east to Newfoundland Island, Canada, south to Georgia and Texas in the United States. There are over a thousand estimated occurrences of this species rangewide, which are potentially threatened by development, water diversion, alteration of hydrology, erosion, succession, recreational activities, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about threats and trends, but with a large range extent, large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, Epilobium coloratum is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Epilobium coloratum occurs in eastern North America south through the West Indies (in the Dominican Republic and Haiti) (FNA 2021). In North America, it is found from Ontario east to Newfoundland Island, Canada, south to Georgia and Texas in the United States. Range extent was estimated to be over 7 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over a thousand occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Epilobium coloratum is potentially threatened by development, water diversion, alteration of hydrology, erosion, succession, recreational activities, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Epilobium coloratum occurs in seepages, "saturated swampy areas, stream banks in lowland forests, wet ditches, open, disturbed wetlands, [and] secondary floodplain forests" from 0-1500 m in elevation (FNA 2021, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).

Reproduction

Epilobium coloratum produces flowers from July through September (FNA 2021).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/Woodland
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS4Yes
Prince Edward IslandS1Yes
New BrunswickS4Yes
QuebecS3Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS1Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
New HampshireSNRYes
KansasS3Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
IndianaS5Yes
ArkansasS1Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
North DakotaS3Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
OklahomaS1Yes
North CarolinaS4Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
New JerseyS4Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
South CarolinaS1Yes
IowaS5Yes
AlabamaS1Yes
DelawareS4Yes
MarylandSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
MaineSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (9)
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Elliott KnobGeorge Washington National Forest9,380
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
West Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2021. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 10. Magnoliophyta: Proteaceae to Elaeagnaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 456 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).