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Home/Species/ White-winged Dove

Zenaida asiatica

(Linnaeus, 1758)

White-winged Dove

G5Secure Found in 43 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100288
Element CodeABNPB04010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderColumbiformes
FamilyColumbidae
GenusZenaida
Other Common Names
Paloma Ala Blanca (ES) Tourterelle à ailes blanches (FR) white-winged dove (EN)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 2002. Forty-third supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 119(3):897-906.
Taxonomic Comments
Here the form on the west coast of South America is considered a distinct species, Zenaida meloda (AOU 2002).
Conservation Status
Review Date2002-10-08
Change Date2002-10-08
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: southeastern California and southwestern U.S. south to Honduras, locally to western Panama; Bahamas and Greater Antilles; islands of western Caribbean; western South America from southwestern Ecuador to northern Chile. In the U.S., range has expanded northward in recent decades. NON-BREEDING: generally in breeding range, but northern birds mostly migratory. Introduced in southern Florida.
Threat Impact Comments
In southern Texas, declined with destruction of native nesting habitat and shift to less suitable citrus groves in the 1920s and 1930s; overhunting may be the primary factor contributing to the present decline in southern Texas (Swanson and Rappole 1992). Pesticides used on cotton may contaminate water and pose a threat.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Generally arid regions with scrubby thickets or riverine forest, open cultivated lands with scattered trees, and mangroves (Tropical and Subtropical zones) (AOU 1983); mature citrus groves. Nests in tree, shrub, cactus, or vine.

Ecology

Gregarious, especially after nesting season. Birds gather in large flocks to feed. Pollinates and disperses seeds of saguaro cactus in Southwest (Olin et al. 1989). Nesting density up to at least 280 pairs/ha under favorable circumstances (see Swanson and Rappole 1992).

Reproduction

Usually 2, sometimes 1 or 3-4, eggs are incubated for about 13-14 days. Nestlings are altricial. Young are tended by both adults. May raise a second brood. Often nests in loose colonies; or singly.
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodShrubland/chaparralSavannaOld fieldDesertCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaSNRB,SNRNYes
North CarolinaSNAYes
New MexicoS5B,S5NYes
FloridaSNAYes
TexasS5BYes
NevadaS3BYes
UtahS1BYes
LouisianaS2NYes
KansasS1Yes
AlabamaS2B,S3NYes
ArizonaS5Yes
Navajo NationSNAYes
MississippiSNAYes
Roadless Areas (43)
Arizona (15)
AreaForestAcres
Arnold MesaPrescott National Forest12,286
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Hell HoleApache-Sitgreaves National Forests15,512
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
California (7)
AreaForestAcres
Barker ValleyCleveland National Forest11,940
Cactus Springs BSan Bernardino National Forest3,106
Cahuilla MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,952
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
New Mexico (12)
AreaForestAcres
Capitan MountainsLincoln National Forest14,069
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Last Chance CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
Ortega PeakLincoln National Forest11,545
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
RendijaSanta Fe National Forest2,176
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
Virgin CanyonSanta Fe National Forest6,068
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
Oregon (1)
AreaForestAcres
Umpqua SpitSiuslaw National Forest2,090
Puerto Rico (2)
AreaForestAcres
El Toro AreaCaribbean National Forest12,584
Mameyes AreaCaribbean National Forest11,150
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Utah (2)
AreaForestAcres
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
References (26)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 2002. Forty-third supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 119(3):897-906.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Boydstun, C. P., and C. A. DeYoung. 1988. Movements of white-tipped doves in southern Texas. Southwest. Nat. 33:365-367.
  6. Bucher, E. H. 1990. The influence of changes in regional land-use patterns on ZENAIDA dove populations. Pages 291-303 in J. Pinowski and J. D. Summers-Smith, editors. Granivorous birds in the agricultural landscape. Polish Scientific Publisher, Warszawa. 360 pp.
  7. Cottam, C., and J. Trefethen, eds. 1968. Whitewings. Princeton. 348 pp.
  8. Goodwin, D. 1983. Pigeons and doves of the world. Third edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, and Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca. 363 pp. [496 pp.?]
  9. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  10. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  11. Johnson, K. P. and D. H. Clayton. 2000. A molecular phylogeny of the dove genus Zenaida: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Condor 102:864-870.
  12. Lack, D. 1976. Island biology illustrated by the land birds of Jamaica. Studies in Ecology, Vol. 3. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 445 pp.
  13. Oberholser, H.C. 1974. The bird life of Texas. 2 vols. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.
  14. Olin, G., S. M. Alcorn, and J. M. Alcorn. 1989. Dispersal of viable saguaro seeds by white-winged doves (ZENAIDA ASIATICA). Southwest. Nat. 34:281-284.
  15. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  16. Raffaele, H. A. 1983a. A guide to the birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Fondo Educativo Interamericano, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 255 pp.
  17. Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 511 pp.
  18. Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
  19. Rivera-Milan, F. F. 1992. Distribution and relative abundance patterns of columbids in Puerto Rico. Condor 94:224-238.
  20. Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  21. Stiles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 511 pp.
  22. Swanson, D. A., and J. H. Rappole. 1992. Status of the white-winged dove in southern Texas. Southwest. Nat. 37:93-97.
  23. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  24. Tomlinson, R. E., H. M. Wight, and T. S. Baskett. 1960. Migratonal homing, local movement, and mortality of mourning doves in Missouri. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 25:253-267.
  25. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 22 July 1996. Migratory bird hunting; proposed frameworks for early-season migratory bird hunting regulations. Federal Register
  26. Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.