Carex eburnea

Boott ex Hook.

Bristleleaf Sedge

G5Secure Found in 4 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131509
Element CodePMCYP03420
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
bristleleaf sedge (EN) Bristle-leaved Sedge (EN) Carex ivoirin (FR) Ivory Sedge (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Common name changed from 'Ebony Sedge' which is a mixup with Carex ebenea to 'Bristle-leaved Sedge'.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-08
Change Date1984-02-29
Edition Date2025-07-08
Edition AuthorsWilliams, C.L. (n.d.), rev. Soteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex eburnea is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid in a variety of calcareous or circumneutral substrates, usually in conifer or mixed forests, occasionally fens, stable dunes and alvar. It is found throughout much of northern and eastern North America, from Alaska, United States east to the Northwest Territories, Newfoundland Island, and Nova Scotia, Canada, south in the continental United States to Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Washington, and disjunct in central Mexico. There are over 1,000 estimated occurrences, which face threats from development, conversion to pasture and cattle or goat grazing, mining or quarrying, rights-of-way maintenance, logging, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex eburnea occurs throughout much of northern and eastern North America, from Alaska, United States east to the Northwest Territories, Newfoundland Island, and Nova Scotia, Canada, south in the continental United States to Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Washington, and disjunct in central Mexico (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be approximately 20 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over 1,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, conversion to pasture and cattle or goat grazing, mining or quarrying, rights-of-way maintenance, logging, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range and large number of occurrences.
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Spikes more than one; perigynia triangular; achene triangular with concave sides; perigynia glabrous, filled by achene, style base strongly bulbous thickened. Upright, slender culms, long creeping rootstock, 3-6 leaves, uppermost and lowermost leaves bladeless.

Habitat

Carex eburnea occurs "usually in conifer or mixed forests, occasionally fens, stable dunes and alvar, on neutral or calcareous substrates" (FNA 2002).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedSand/duneBarrensCliff
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS3Yes
Nova ScotiaS3Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
ManitobaS4Yes
New BrunswickS3Yes
SaskatchewanS3Yes
QuebecS4Yes
AlbertaS4Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Yukon TerritoryS4Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WisconsinSNRYes
KentuckyS4Yes
IllinoisS3Yes
North DakotaSNRYes
WashingtonS1Yes
MaineS1Yes
NebraskaS4Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
New HampshireS1Yes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
WyomingS1Yes
MarylandS1Yes
ArkansasS5Yes
New YorkS4Yes
North CarolinaS1Yes
VermontS4Yes
New JerseyS2Yes
TexasS1Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
West VirginiaS3Yes
GeorgiaS1Yes
OhioSNRYes
IndianaS3Yes
South CarolinaSXYes
South DakotaSNRYes
MontanaS3Yes
AlabamaS2Yes
VirginiaS4Yes
MichiganSNRYes
ConnecticutS3Yes
AlaskaS3Yes
MissouriSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
IowaS4Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (4)
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Missouri (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest9,277
Montana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
North Mountain HopevilleMonongahela National Forest6,525
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).