Isotria verticillata
Raf.
Large Whorled Pogonia
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0
Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0
Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0
Tanya Sulikowski, CC BY-NC 4.0
Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149848
Element CodePMORC1F020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
CITESAppendix II
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderOrchidales
FamilyOrchidaceae
GenusIsotria
Other Common Names
Isotrie verticillée (FR) large whorled pogonia (EN) Purple Fiveleaf Orchid (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-07-10
Change Date1984-04-09
Edition Date2024-07-10
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Isotria verticillata is a perennial herb occurring in dry to mesic forests, seeps, and sphagnum bogs in eastern North America from Ontario, Canada and Maine, United States south to Texas and east to Florida. It is threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, forest management practices, lack of fire leading to succession, recreation, logging, deer browse, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and likely other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and over 600 occurrences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Isotria verticillata occurs in eastern North America from Ontario, Canada and Maine, United States south to Texas and east to Florida (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be 1.7 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are over 600 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Isotria verticillata is threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and forest management practices (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). Additional threats include lack of fire leading to succession, recreation, logging, deer browse, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and likely other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Isotria verticillata occurs in acidic soils in dry to mesic forests, and less commonly in seeps and sphagnum bogs (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/Woodland
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
CanadaNH
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Ontario | SH | Yes |
United StatesN5
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | SNR | Yes |
| Rhode Island | S3 | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | S5 | Yes |
| North Carolina | S2 | Yes |
| Ohio | SNR | Yes |
| Missouri | S1 | Yes |
| Tennessee | S3 | Yes |
| Mississippi | S3 | Yes |
| Virginia | S5 | Yes |
| New Jersey | S4 | Yes |
| Vermont | S2 | Yes |
| Arkansas | SNR | Yes |
| New York | S3 | Yes |
| Oklahoma | S1 | Yes |
| Maryland | SNR | Yes |
| Connecticut | S3 | Yes |
| Massachusetts | S3 | Yes |
| Louisiana | S2 | Yes |
| Florida | S1 | Yes |
| South Carolina | S1 | Yes |
| West Virginia | S5 | Yes |
| Delaware | S3 | Yes |
| Michigan | S1 | Yes |
| Maine | SX | Yes |
| Texas | S1 | Yes |
| New Hampshire | S1 | Yes |
| Alabama | S2 | Yes |
| Indiana | S3 | Yes |
| Illinois | S1 | Yes |
| Kentucky | S4 | Yes |
| Georgia | S3 | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 - Biological resource use | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 5.3 - Logging & wood harvesting | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 5.3.5 - Motivation unknown/unrecorded | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 6 - Human intrusions & disturbance | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 6.1 - Recreational activities | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 7 - Natural system modifications | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 7.1 - Fire & fire suppression | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensity | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 8.2 - Problematic native species/diseases | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 8.2.2 - Named species | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (20)
Illinois (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Burke Branch | Shawnee National Forest | 6,231 |
Kentucky (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Wolfpen | Daniel Boone National Forest | 2,835 |
North Carolina (2)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Jarrett Creek | Pisgah National Forest | 7,485 |
| Woods Mountain | Pisgah National Forest | 9,602 |
Pennsylvania (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Allegheny Front | Allegheny National Forest | 7,430 |
Tennessee (2)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Flint Mill Gap | Cherokee National Forest | 9,494 |
| Stone Mountain | Cherokee National Forest | 5,367 |
Virginia (12)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Adams Peak | George Washington National Forest | 7,135 |
| Beards Mountain | George Washington National Forest | 7,505 |
| Hoop Hole | Jefferson National Forest | 4,652 |
| Kelley Mountain | George Washington National Forest | 7,590 |
| Little Alleghany | George Washington National Forest | 10,215 |
| Little River | George Washington National Forest | 27,292 |
| Little Walker Mountain | Jefferson National Forest | 9,818 |
| Mill Mountain | George Washington National Forest | 10,840 |
| Mountain Lake Addition A | Jefferson National Forest | 1,469 |
| New London Bridge Branch | Jefferson National Forest | 844 |
| Ramseys Draft Addition | George Washington National Forest | 12,781 |
| The Priest | George Washington National Forest | 5,737 |
West Virginia (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Middle Mountain | Monongahela National Forest | 19,020 |
References (8)
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
- iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
- Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
- NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
- Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
- Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
- Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.