Phalaropus fulicarius
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Red Phalarope
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
© Aaron Maizlish; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Dorian Anderson; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Matt Felperin; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Lawrence Rhoads; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Chris Venetz | Ornis Birding Expeditions; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
© Miguel Rodríguez Esteban; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, https://www.usa.gov/government-works
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.636983
Element CodeABNNF20030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderCharadriiformes
FamilyScolopacidae
GenusPhalaropus
Synonyms
Phalaropus fulicaria(Linnaeus, 1758)
Other Common Names
Falaropo-de-Bico-Grosso (PT) Falaropo Pico Grueso Pollito de Mar Rojizo (ES) Phalarope à bec large (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 2002. Forty-third supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 119(3):897-906.
Taxonomic Comments
In Old World literature this species is known as gray phalarope (AOU 1983). Combined allozyme, morphologic, and mtDNA data suggest that Wilson's phalarope evolved shortly after the phalarope lineage itself arose and that the phalaropes are monophyletic, with the red and red-necked phalaropes being sister taxa (Dittman and Zink 1991).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1996-11-26
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Range Extent Comments
BREEDS: western and northern Alaska, northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, and Banks, Melville, Ellesmere, Bylot, Dundas, and northern Baffin islands, and south to eastern Keewatin, Southhampton and Mansel islands, northern Quebec, and probably northern Labrador; in Palearctic from Greenland and Iceland through arctic islands to northern Siberia. Nonbreeders summer off coasts of California and Newfoundland. NORTHERN WINTER: primarily pelagic, ranges widely, mainly in Southern Hemisphere off both coasts of South America and western Africa, also western Pacific from Japan south; primarily in productive waters of Humboldt Current off Peru and Chile, and Benguela Current off West Africa south to the Cape of Good Hope.
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Nonbreeding: primarily pelagic, occurring in migration on bays and estuaries, rarely on ponds, lakes and marshes; mainly in plankton-rich upwelling zones. May be driven to coast or inland by strong winds. In northern Alaska, postbreeding habitat was mainly gravel coastal beaches (Smith and Connors 1993). Nests on coastal tundra; hummocky moss-sedge tundra interspersed with numerous ponds; wet unpatterned tundra with strangmoor ridges for nesting. Nests on the ground in a depression that is sometimes lined with grasses or other plants. Nest may be hidden by grass that is pulled over the depression.
Ecology
Nonbreeding: occurs singly, in small scattered flocks, or sometimes in flocks of >1000.
Reproduction
Four eggs are laid June-July. The male incubates the eggs for 18-20 days (Terres 1980). Female usually deserts male as soon as clutch complete, may attempt to mate again. Nestlings are precocial and downy. Young are capable of first flight about 16-18 days after hatching. Usually nests in small colonies.
Terrestrial Habitats
Tundra
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5B
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Nunavut | S5B | Yes |
| Nova Scotia | S2M | Yes |
| Labrador | SNRM | Yes |
| British Columbia | S4M | Yes |
| New Brunswick | S3M | Yes |
| Yukon Territory | S1B | Yes |
| Northwest Territories | S5 | Yes |
| Ontario | S2M | Yes |
| Island of Newfoundland | SNRM | Yes |
| Quebec | S4M | Yes |
United StatesN5B
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Texas | SNA | Yes |
| Maine | S3N | Yes |
| South Carolina | SNA | Yes |
| North Carolina | S2N | Yes |
| Delaware | SNA | Yes |
| Alaska | S4B,S5M | Yes |
| Massachusetts | S4N | Yes |
| Indiana | SNA | Yes |
| District of Columbia | S1N | Yes |
| California | SNRN | Yes |
| Maryland | SNA | Yes |
| Oregon | SNA | Yes |
| Ohio | SNA | Yes |
| Colorado | SNA | Yes |
| Rhode Island | SNA | Yes |
| Georgia | SNRN | Yes |
| Michigan | SNRN | Yes |
| Alabama | S3N | Yes |
| Hawaii | SNA | Yes |
| Virginia | SNA | Yes |
| New Jersey | S4N | Yes |
| Washington | S4N | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | S3M | Yes |
| Arizona | S1M | Yes |
| New York | SNRN | Yes |
| Florida | SNRN | Yes |
| New Hampshire | SNA | Yes |
| Arkansas | SNA | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 - Climate change & severe weather | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
| 11.1 - Habitat shifting & alteration | Pervasive (71-100%) | Unknown | Low (long-term) |
Roadless Areas (17)
Alaska (3)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Bering Lake | Chugach National Forest | 965,076 |
| Bering Lake | Chugach National Forest | 965,076 |
| Port Alexander | Tongass National Forest | 120,681 |
California (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| North Fork Smith | Six Rivers National Forest | 37,898 |
Oregon (13)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Maiden Peak | Deschutes National Forest | 26,432 |
| Maiden Peak | Willamette National Forest | 9,627 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
| Waldo - Fuji | Willamette National Forest | 15,273 |
| Waldo - Lake | Willamette National Forest | 2,993 |
| Woahink | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,309 |
| Woahink | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,309 |
| Woahink | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,309 |
References (32)
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- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 2002. Forty-third supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 119(3):897-906.
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