Chelone glabra

L.

White Turtlehead

G5Secure Found in 63 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158903
Element CodePDSCR0F020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPlantaginales
FamilyPlantaginaceae
GenusChelone
Other Common Names
Galane glabre (FR) white turtlehead (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
According to the treatment in Weakley (2022), "The named varieties (or subspecies) are intergrading and the characters used to distinguish them do not correlate well." The treatment in FNA (2019, vol. 17) does not recognize them as distinct.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-08-01
Change Date1984-02-29
Edition Date2024-08-01
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Chelone glabra is a wide-ranging perennial herb in a variety of wetland habitats occurring in eastern North America from Newfoundland west to Manitoba, Canada south to Georgia west to Arkansas in the United States. Threats include development, logging, rights-of-way maintenance, recreation, livestock grazing, invasive species, and likely other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Chelone glabra occurs in eastern North America from Newfoundland west to Manitoba, Canada south to Georgia west to Arkansas in the United States (FNA 2019). Range extent was estimated to be over 4.4 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). However, this taxon is commonly cultivated, and iNaturalist observations (>15,000) were not evaluated for evidence of cultivation (iNaturalist 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, logging, rights-of-way maintenance, recreation, livestock grazing, invasive species, and likely other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024). There is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand the scope and severity of threats for this taxon. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Chelone glabra grows in "bogs, fens, marshes, swamps, seeps, stream banks, wet meadows and woods, margins of ponds and lakes" (FNA 2019).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
DelawareS5Yes
New YorkS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
South CarolinaS4Yes
MississippiS3Yes
MissouriSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
VermontS5Yes
MarylandSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
ArkansasS1Yes
New JerseyS5Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
IowaS3Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
Rhode IslandS3Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
KentuckyS4Yes
IndianaSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
ManitobaS2Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
QuebecS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS4Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS5Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (63)
Georgia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
Norwich Plains Revised Roadless AreaOttawa National Forest4,360
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Hampshire (13)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Cherry MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,766
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
KearsargeWhite Mountain National Forest4,554
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
North Carolina (11)
AreaForestAcres
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Chunky Gal (addition)Nantahala National Forest3,336
Dobson KnobPisgah National Forest6,111
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Mackey MountainPisgah National Forest5,934
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
Yellowhammer Branch (add.)Nantahala National Forest1,255
Pennsylvania (3)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
Minister ValleyAllegheny National Forest1,417
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Rogers RidgeCherokee National Forest4,738
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Vermont (6)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Devil's Den 09083Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests9,169
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Lye Brook Addition 09085Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,111
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Virginia (9)
AreaForestAcres
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
West Virginia (11)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
09154 - St. Peters DomeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4,002
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2019. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 17: Magnoliophyta: Tetrachondraceae to Orobanchaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 737 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2022. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 24, 2022. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2022 pp.