Home/Species/ Philadelphia Vireo

Vireo philadelphicus

(Cassin, 1851)

Philadelphia Vireo

G5Secure Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →

G5SecureGlobal Rank

Least concernIUCN

Identity

Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100611

Element CodeABPBW01230

Record TypeSPECIES

ClassificationSpecies

Classification StatusStandard

Name CategoryVertebrate Animal

IUCNLeast concern

Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

KingdomAnimalia

PhylumCraniata

ClassAves

OrderPasseriformes

FamilyVireonidae

GenusVireo

Other Common Names

Vireo de Filadelfia (ES) Viréo de Philadelphie (FR)

Concept Reference

American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.

Taxonomic Comments

See Johnson et al. (1988) and Murray et al. (1994) for analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among vireos.

Conservation Status

Rank MethodExpertise without calculation

Review Date2016-04-10

Change Date1996-12-03

Range Extent Comments

BREEDS: east-central British Columbia east across southern Canada to Newfoundland, south to southern Alberta, northern North Dakota, northeastern Minnesota, and northern New England. WINTERS: Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula south to central Panama, rarely northern Colombia.

Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Open deciduous or mixed woodland, forest edge, second growth, parks, and alder and willow thickets, especially near streams. In migration and winter in various open woodland, and partly open situations with scattered trees. Nests in horizontal twig fork 3-12 m up in deciduous tree, usually near upper canopy (Harrison 1978).

Ecology

In winter solitary or in small loose groups (Stiles and Skutch 1989).

Reproduction

Eggs are laid in June-July. Clutch size is 3-5 (usually 4). Incubation, by both sexes, lasts 13-14 days. Young are tended by both parents, leave nest at 13-14 days.

Terrestrial Habitats

Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - MixedOld field

Palustrine Habitats

Riparian

Other Nations (2)

United StatesN4B

Province	Rank	Native
Indiana	SNA	Yes
Florida	SNA	Yes
South Dakota	SNA	Yes
Nebraska	SNRN	Yes
Kansas	SNA	Yes
New Jersey	S4N	Yes
Colorado	SNA	Yes
Georgia	SNRN	Yes
Louisiana	SNA	Yes
Kentucky	SNA	Yes
Ohio	SNA	Yes
Pennsylvania	SNA	Yes
Oklahoma	S1N	Yes
Connecticut	SNA	Yes
Michigan	S3	Yes
Delaware	SNA	Yes
Maine	S4B	Yes
District of Columbia	S1N	Yes
Alabama	SNA	Yes
West Virginia	SNA	Yes
New Hampshire	S3B	Yes
Maryland	SNA	Yes
Virginia	SNA	Yes
North Carolina	SNA	Yes
Illinois	SNA	Yes
North Dakota	S3	Yes
Mississippi	SNA	Yes
Montana	SNA	Yes
New York	S3B	Yes
Vermont	S1B	Yes
South Carolina	S3M	Yes
Iowa	S2N	Yes
Missouri	SNA	Yes
Arkansas	S2N	Yes
Massachusetts	S2N	Yes
Tennessee	S3N	Yes
Minnesota	SNRB	Yes
Texas	S4	Yes

CanadaN5B

Province	Rank	Native
Quebec	S5B	Yes
Nova Scotia	S2B,SUM	Yes
New Brunswick	S5B	Yes
Yukon Territory	SUB	Yes
British Columbia	S4B	Yes
Northwest Territories	SU	Yes
Saskatchewan	S5B	Yes
Manitoba	S3B	Yes
Alberta	S5B	Yes
Island of Newfoundland	S3B,SUM	Yes
Ontario	S5B	Yes
Labrador	S2B,SUM	Yes
Prince Edward Island	S1B,SUM	Yes

Roadless Areas (5)

California (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Nevahbe Ridge	Inyo National Forest	302

Tennessee (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Sycamore Creek	Cherokee National Forest	6,984

Vermont (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bread Loaf	Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests	1,768

Virginia (2)

Area	Forest	Acres
Brush Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	6,002
Shawvers Run Addition	Jefferson National Forest	1,927

References (26)

American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus. Condor 73:287-302.
Barlow, J.C. 1980. Patterns of ecological interactions among migrant and resident vireos on the wintering grounds. Pages 79-107 in A. Keast and E.S. Morton, editors. Migrant birds in the neotropics: ecology, distribution, and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Bent, A.C. 1950. Life histories of North American wagtails, shrikes, vireos, and their allies. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 197. Washington, D.C.
BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Johnson, N. K., R. M. Zink, and J. A. Marten. 1988. Genetic evidence for relationships in the avian family Vireonidae. Condor 90:428-445.
Keast, A., and E.S. Morton. 1980. Migrant birds in the neotropics: ecology, distribution, and conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
Murray, B.W., W.B. McGillivray, and J.C. Barlow. 1994. The use of cytochrome B sequence variation in estimation of phylogeny in the Vireonidae. Condor 96(4):1037-1054.
Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 511 pp.
Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
Ridgely, R. S. and J. A. Gwynne, Jr. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Panama. 2nd edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Stiles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 511 pp.
Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.
Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.