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Cyprinella lutrensis

(Baird and Girard, 1853)

Red Shiner

G5Secure Found in 4 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105504
Element CodeAFCJB49140
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusCyprinella
Synonyms
Notropis lutrensis
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Molecular analysis by Schönhuth and Mayden (2010) suggests that two subspecies, forlonensis and suavis warrant species status, but Page et al. (2013) did not elevate, citing the need for a broader geographic analysis.

Removed from genus Notropis and placed in genus (formerly subgenus) Cyprinella by Matthews (1987) and Mayden (1989); this change was adopted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). See Matthews (1987) for information on geographic variation. Broughton and Gold (2000) examined mtDNA variation in Cyprinella and found that this species was not monophyletic and thus may represent multiple species.

C. lepida, recently regarded as a valid species (Matthews 1987), formerly was included in this species. See Mayden (1989) for synonymy.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2011-11-16
Change Date1996-09-18
Edition Date2012-04-06
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Range Extent Comments
Range includes the Mississippi River basin from Wyoming, South Dakota, southern Wisconsin, and Indiana south to Louisiana (but absent in Ozark and Ouachita uplands); Gulf drainages west of the Mississippi River to the Rio Grande, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado, and the Rio Panuco in northeastern Mexico (Page and Burr 2011). This species has been widely introduced in the Colorado River basin, in North Carolina, and elsewhere.
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations).
Threat Impact Comments
No major threats are known.

Subspecies blairi from Maravillas Creek drainage in the Big Bend region of Texas apparently is extinct, possibly through the effects of introduced Fundulus zebrinus (Miller et al. 1989, Matthews 1987).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes perennial creeks and small to medium rivers, canals, lakes, ponds, and ephemeral habitats with high turbidity and few competing species; silty, sandy, and rocky pools and runs, sometimes riffles (Sublette et al. 1990, Page and Burr 2011). This species often is the most abundant minnow in a wide variety of low gradient habitats, especially backwaters, creek mouths, and medium-sized streams with sand/silt bottoms. It is uncommon or absent in clear high-gradient streams. It selects water with negligible (or intermittent) flow deeper than 20 cm, and it avoids temperature extremes in summer and winter, but does well in harsh and variable environments when other species disappear (Mayden 1989). Spawning occurs in quiet waters of lakes or streams, often over sunfish nests, clean gravel or sand of riffles, submerged roots or logs, or aquatic plants, or on rocky shorelines in crevices. Eggs sink and adhere to bottom (gravel, sand, or mud). Male defends spawning territory.

Reproduction

Spawns in spring and summer; probably June-August in Wisconsin, May-August in Illinois, May-October with June-July peak in Kansas and Missouri, April-September in Texas and Oklahoma. One-year-olds spawn in late summer after two-year-olds. Eggs hatch in ca. 105 hours at 24.5 C. May produce several clutches each year. Sexually mature in 1-2 yr.; most breed in second summer, very few in first summer (Mayden 1989). Reproduction by young-of-the-year likely facilitates attainment of numerical dominance in many sites where this species has become established (Marsh-Matthews et al. 2002).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WyomingS5Yes
AlabamaSNANo
North CarolinaSNANo
TennesseeS5Yes
Navajo NationSNANo
ColoradoS5Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
NevadaSNANo
KentuckyS4Yes
IowaS5Yes
NebraskaS5Yes
IndianaS4Yes
MissouriSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
TexasS5Yes
New MexicoSNANo
North DakotaSNANo
UtahSNANo
LouisianaS5Yes
IllinoisS5Yes
ArizonaSNANo
ArkansasS3Yes
MississippiS5Yes
KansasS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
South DakotaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
No known threats———

—

Roadless Areas (4)
Arizona (2)
AreaForestAcres
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
Sierra Ancha Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest7,787
New Mexico (2)
AreaForestAcres
Candian RiverCibola National Forest7,149
Lower San FranciscoGila National Forest26,460
References (42)
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