Larus heermanni
Cassin, 1852
Heermann's Gull
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Near threatenedIUCN
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, https://www.usa.gov/government-works
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106008
Element CodeABNNM03060
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNNear threatened
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderCharadriiformes
FamilyLaridae
GenusLarus
Other Common Names
Gaviota Ploma (ES) Goéland de Heermann (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1997-02-05
Range Extent20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: mainly on islets off Pacific coast of Baja California, in Gulf of California, and locally off the coast of Mexico south to Sinaloa and Nayarit. Isolated breeding in coastal California (AOU 1998). NON-BREEDING: from breeding grounds north to southern British Columbia, common in California; south to Pacific coast of Guatemala (AOU 1998).
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
BREEDING: Nests on flat rocky islands or isolated coasts, often with scattered grass clumps present. Nests on ground between rocks or near grass clumps. The nest is constructed of sticks and surrounding vegetation. NON-BREEDING: seacoasts, beaches, bays and estuaries (AOU 1983).
Reproduction
Lays two to three eggs April-June (Terres 1980). Usually only two young produced from three-egg clutches.
Terrestrial Habitats
Sand/duneBare rock/talus/scree
Other Nations (2)
CanadaNUN
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| British Columbia | S4M | Yes |
United StatesN4N
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Oregon | SNA | Yes |
| Arizona | S1M | Yes |
| Washington | S5N | Yes |
| California | SNRN | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 - Biological resource use | Pervasive - large | Moderate or 11-30% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 5.1 - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Pervasive - large | Moderate or 11-30% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 6 - Human intrusions & disturbance | Pervasive - large | Moderate or 11-30% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 6.1 - Recreational activities | Pervasive - large | Moderate or 11-30% pop. decline | High (continuing) |
| 8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Pervasive - large | Moderate - slight | High (continuing) |
| 8.2 - Problematic native species/diseases | Pervasive - large | Moderate - slight | High (continuing) |
| 11 - Climate change & severe weather | Pervasive (71-100%) | Moderate - slight | High (continuing) |
| 11.2 - Droughts | Pervasive (71-100%) | Moderate - slight | High (continuing) |
Roadless Areas (21)
Alaska (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| South Kruzof | Tongass National Forest | 55,193 |
California (13)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Chalk Peak | Los Padres National Forest | 7,472 |
| Chalk Peak | Los Padres National Forest | 7,472 |
| Chalk Peak | Los Padres National Forest | 7,472 |
| Dry Lakes | Los Padres National Forest | 17,043 |
| Granite Peak | San Bernardino National Forest | 450 |
| Granite Peak | San Bernardino National Forest | 450 |
| Juncal | Los Padres National Forest | 12,289 |
| Juncal | Los Padres National Forest | 12,289 |
| La Brea | Los Padres National Forest | 14,031 |
| Malduce Buckhorn | Los Padres National Forest | 14,177 |
| Matilija | Los Padres National Forest | 5,218 |
| Sill Hill | Cleveland National Forest | 5,294 |
| Sill Hill | Cleveland National Forest | 5,294 |
Idaho (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Bear Creek | Caribou-Targhee National Forest | 118,582 |
Oregon (4)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Tahkenitch | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,799 |
| Tenmile | Siuslaw National Forest | 10,818 |
| Umpqua Spit | Siuslaw National Forest | 2,090 |
| Woahink | Siuslaw National Forest | 5,309 |
Texas (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Big Creek | National Forests in Texas | 1,447 |
Washington (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Madison Creek | Olympic National Forest | 1,223 |
References (17)
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
- American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
- BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
- Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaiser, and M. C. McNall. 1990b. The birds of British Columbia. Volume 2. Nonpasserines: diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C. 636 pp.
- Carter, M., C. Hunter, D. Pashley, and D. Petit. 1998. The Watch List. Bird Conservation, Summer 1998:10.
- Gaston, A. J., and J. M. Hipfner. 2000. Thick-billed Murre (<i>Uria lomvia</i>). No. 497 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
- Gaston, A. J., et al. 1994. Population parameters of thick-billed murres at Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Condor 96:935-948.
- Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
- Lozano, E., R. Carmona, and G. Brabata. 2004. Éxito reproductivo de la gaviota de patas amarillas (Larus livens) y de gaviota parda (L. heermanni) en el sur del Golfo de California, México. Ornitologia Neotropical 15:237-246.
- Mostello, C. S., N. A. Palaia, and R. B. Clapp. 2000. Gray-backed Tern (Sterna lunata). No. 525 in A. Poole and F. Gill (editors). The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 28 pp.
- Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Pons, J. M., A. Hassanin, and P. A. Crochet. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37:686-699.
- Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
- Schreiber, E. A., R. W. Schreiber, and G. A. Schenk. 1996. Red-footed Booby (<i>Sula sula</i>). No. 241 in A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The Amerian Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC. 24 pp.
- Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
- Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
- The American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Banks, R.C., R.T. Chesser, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2008. Forty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 125(3):758-768.