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Setophaga palmarum

(Gmelin, 1789)

Palm Warbler

G5Secure Found in 22 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104190
Element CodeABPBX03210
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyParulidae
GenusSetophaga
Synonyms
Dendroica palmarum(Gmelin, 1789)
Other Common Names
Chipe Playero (ES) palm warbler (EN) Paruline à couronne rousse (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Lovette et al. 2010) indicate that all species formerly placed in Dendroica, one species formerly placed in Wilsonia (citrina), and two species formerly placed in Parula (americana and pitiayumi) form a clade with the single species traditionally placed in Setophaga (ruticilla). The generic name Setophaga has priority for this clade (AOU 2011).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1996-12-03
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: southwestern Mackenzie to northern Saskatchewan and Labrador, south to central Alberta, northeastern Minnesota, central Michigan, southern Ontario, Maine, and Nova Scotia. NON-BREEDING: north-central Texas, Gulf Coast, and South Carolina south to southern Texas, southern Florida; common in Bahamas and Cuba (rare in eastern Greater Antilles); also on islands off Caribbean coasts of Mexico and Central America and rarely on adjacent mainland. Found in very small numbers along coast of Oregon (Gilligan et al. 1994).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

BREEDING: Bogs, open boreal coniferous forest, partly open situations with scattered trees and heavy undergrowth, usually near water. Nests in open tamarack-spruce bog or on barrens, on ground in hummock of moss or lichens, at base of small spruce, fir, birch, sometimes to 60 cm up in crotch of small conifer (Terres 1980). NON-BREEDING: in migration and winter typically on ground in open areas in various woodland, second growth, and thicket habitats.

Reproduction

Eggs laid May-June. Clutch size 4-5. Incubation 12 days. Young tended by both parents, leave nest at 12 days but cannot fly for several days (young hide in herbage).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralOld fieldCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN4B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
IndianaSNAYes
ArizonaS1MYes
MinnesotaSNRBYes
VirginiaSNAYes
District of ColumbiaS3NYes
AlabamaS4NYes
South DakotaSNAYes
ArkansasSNAYes
New YorkS2BYes
TexasS3Yes
ConnecticutSNAYes
IowaS4NYes
VermontS1BYes
New JerseyS4NYes
TennesseeS4NYes
MissouriSNAYes
CaliforniaSNAYes
WisconsinS3BYes
MississippiSNAYes
MarylandS2NYes
WashingtonSNAYes
OklahomaS1NYes
IllinoisSNAYes
FloridaSNRNYes
MaineS4BYes
MassachusettsS5NYes
Rhode IslandSNAYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
ColoradoSNAYes
KansasSNAYes
North CarolinaS4NYes
South CarolinaS4NYes
West VirginiaS1NYes
MichiganS4Yes
New HampshireS3BYes
North DakotaSNAYes
LouisianaS4NYes
PennsylvaniaSNAYes
KentuckySNAYes
OhioSNAYes
NebraskaSNRNYes
DelawareSNAYes
WyomingSNAYes
OregonSNAYes
New MexicoS4NYes
CanadaN5B
ProvinceRankNative
New BrunswickS5BYes
LabradorS3B,SUMYes
QuebecS4BYes
OntarioS5BYes
Island of NewfoundlandS4BYes
Prince Edward IslandS5BYes
British ColumbiaS4BYes
AlbertaS5BYes
SaskatchewanS5BYes
ManitobaS4BYes
Nova ScotiaS5BYes
Yukon TerritorySUBYes
NunavutSUBYes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
11 - Climate change & severe weatherUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (22)
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Florida (2)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Clear LakeApalachicola National Forest5,592
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
FibreHiawatha National Forest7,432
Minnesota (2)
AreaForestAcres
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
Montana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Allan Mountain (01946)Bitterroot National Forest104,184
New Hampshire (3)
AreaForestAcres
Cherry MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,766
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Virginia (7)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Little AlleghanyGeorge Washington National Forest10,215
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Shawvers Run AdditionJefferson National Forest1,927
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
References (30)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., R.C. Banks, F.K. Barker, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2011. Fifty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 128(3):600-613.
  4. Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, <i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i>. Condor 73:287-302.
  5. Bent, A. C. 1953. Life histories of North American wood warblers. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 203. Washington, D.C.
  6. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  7. Carter, M., G. Fenwick, C. Hunter, D. Pashley, D. Petit, J. Price, and J. Trapp. 1996. Watchlist 1996: For the future. Field Notes 50(3):238-240.
  8. Gilligan, J., D. Rogers, M. Smith, and A. Contreras. 1994. Birds of Oregon: Status and Distribution. Cinclus Publications, McMinnville, Oregon.
  9. Griscom, L., and A. Sprunt, Jr. 1979. The warblers of America. Doubleday and Co., Garden City, New York. 302 pp.
  10. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  11. Harrison, H.H. 1984. Wood warblers' world. Simon and Schuster, New York. 335 pp.
  12. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
  13. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
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  15. Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
  16. Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
  17. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  18. Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
  19. Raffaele, H. A. 1983a. A guide to the birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Fondo Educativo Interamericano, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 255 pp.
  20. Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 511 pp.
  21. Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
  22. Ridgely, R. S. and J. A. Gwynne, Jr. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Panama. 2nd edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
  23. Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  24. Stiles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 511 pp.
  25. Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (<i>Cyanocitta cristata</i>). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
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  27. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
  28. Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
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  30. Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.