Carex vulpinoidea

Michx.

Fox Sedge

G5Secure Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.961318
Element CodePMCYP03M30
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
Carex vulpinoïde (FR)
Concept Reference
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for the narrow treatment of Carex vulpinoidea which excludes what has been called C. vulpinoidea var. platycarpa (e.g., in Kartesz (1994)). Standley's treatment in FNA (2002, vol. 23) does not mention C. vulpinoidea var. platycarpa, but Kartesz (1999) and POWO (accessed 2025) include it in C. triangularis, The FNA treatment also does not recognize C. vulpinoidea var. pycnocephala as distinct from typical C. vulpinoidea.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-08-21
Change Date2016-03-28
Edition Date2025-08-21
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex vulpinoidea is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid found in a variety of open, wetland habitat types, including low fields, fens, seeps, wet meadows, tidal freshwater marshes, roadside ditches, and other wet, often disturbed, sites. It occurs in North America from Newfoundland Island west to British Columbia, Canada, south to Florida and California in the United States, and Mexico; it is introduced in Europe and New Zealand. There are thousands of occurrences rangewide, which face threats from development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex vulpinoidea occurs in North America from Newfoundland Island west to British Columbia, Canada, south to Florida and California in the United States, and Mexico; it is introduced in Europe and New Zealand (FNA 2002). Native range extent was estimated to be over 17 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Carex vulpinoidea grows in seasonally saturated or inundated soils in open habitats, low fields, fens, seeps, wet meadows, tidal freshwater marshes, roadside ditches, and other wet, often disturbed, sites (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Palustrine Habitats
TEMPORARY POOLHERBACEOUS WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MassachusettsSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
ArkansasS5Yes
New YorkS5Yes
New JerseyS5Yes
TexasSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
MontanaS4Yes
MarylandSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
MississippiS5Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
IowaS5Yes
MissouriSNRYes
WyomingS3Yes
ColoradoS3Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
FloridaSNRYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
NevadaSUYes
LouisianaSNRYes
DelawareS5Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
WashingtonSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
OregonSNRYes
IllinoisS5Yes
IndianaS5Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
New MexicoSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
KansasS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
ArizonaS2Yes
IdahoSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS4Yes
LabradorSNRYes
AlbertaS3Yes
Prince Edward IslandS3Yes
QuebecS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS1Yes
New BrunswickS4Yes
SaskatchewanS3Yes
ManitobaS3Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
West Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
References (9)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  6. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2025. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2025).
  8. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  9. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).