Heterotheca zionensis

Semple

Zion False Goldenaster

G4Apparently Secure Found in 14 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160595
Element CodePDAST4V0Q0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae
GenusHeterotheca
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Heterotheca zionensis Semple was first described in 1987, based on specimens from southwestern Utah (Kartesz 1994). Cronquist (1994) placed H. zionensis in synonymy under H. villosa. Then, Semple (1996) expanded H. zionensis to "a common taxon distributed over parts of several states rather than a rare one confined to the vicinity of Zion National Park in southwestern Utah", including plants occurring widely in Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico and at locations in Colorado and Idaho (where thought to be introduced). Subsequent authors have also considered H. zionensis to be a distinct species, occurring in several states (Allred et al. 2020, Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006, Nesom 2020, Stone 1998, Welsh et al 2015). A new taxon was described in 2020, Heterotheca utahensis with overlapping range in northern Utah, "but plants of intermediate morphology are not common", some specimens previously annotated as H. zionensis from northern Utah have been annotated to H. utahensis (Nesom 2020).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-12-27
Change Date2023-12-27
Edition Date2023-12-27
Edition AuthorsBen Franklin (1995), rev. G. Thunhorst (1998), rev. C. Nordman (2023).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 - 300
Rank Reasons
Heterotheca zionensis occurs in the western United States, only in Utah, western Colorado, northern and eastern Arizona, New Mexico, and southwest Texas. It is estimated that there are between 81 and 300 occurrences, rangewide including on various National Forests, National Monuments, National Parks, and State Parks in Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. Loss of habitat due to residential and commercial development is a threat, especially in areas with rapid economic growth. There is a lack of information about trends.
Range Extent Comments
Heterotheca zionensis occurs in the western United States, only in Utah, western Colorado, northern and eastern Arizona, New Mexico, and west Texas. Range extent was estimated to be 513,000 square kilometers, using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1992 and 2023 (Allred et al. 2020, Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006, GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, Nesom 2020, SEINet 2023, Semple 1996, Welsh et al. 2015).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1992 and 2023, it is estimated that there are between 81 and 300 occurrences of Heterotheca zionensis rangewide (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, SEINet 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
Loss of habitat due to residential and commercial development is a threat, especially in areas with rapid economic growth.
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

"Heterotheca zionensis in characteristic form is identified by its stiffly erect habit, heads in a corymboid arrangement and without capitular bracts, and closely strigose-sericeous, usually silvery (but sometimes more gray) stems, leaves, and phyllaries" (Nesom 2020).

Habitat

Heterotheca zionensis occurs on sandy, rocky, or sandy loam soils, deep sands, sand dunes, and sandy ledges of rock outcrops, or in southern New Mexico on limestone soils. It occurs in grasslands, dry waste ground in pinyon-juniper scrub, in oak scrub, sagebrush, blackbrush, old man sage, and ponderosa pine communities, along the margins of hot springs, edges of washes, cottonwood-lined washes and flood plains, and along roadsides (where it may be adventive and spreading, such as along interstate highways in the vicinity of Las Cruces, New Mexico), at 900–2700 meters of elevation (Allred et al. 2020, Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006, Semple 1996, Welsh et al. 2015).

Ecology

Occurs along roadsides where it may be adventive and spreading, such as along interstate highways in the vicinity of Las Cruces, New Mexico (Semple 1996).

Reproduction

Flowers from June to August, rarely into October (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferShrubland/chaparral
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
TexasSNRYes
ArizonaS2Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
ColoradoSUYes
UtahS1Yes
IdahoSNANo
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.2 - Commercial & industrial areasSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (14)
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
East Clear CreekCoconino National Forest1,613
New Mexico (8)
AreaForestAcres
Black CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,922
Bull CanyonCarson National Forest11,512
Juan de Gabaldon GrantSanta Fe National Forest8,023
Latir PeakCarson National Forest3,573
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
PecosCarson National Forest13,436
Tesuque CreekSanta Fe National Forest810
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
Utah (5)
AreaForestAcres
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Lone Peak ContiguousWasatch-Cache National Forest874
Oak CreekFishlake National Forest54,053
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
References (12)
  1. Allred, K.W., E.M. Jercinovic, and R.D. Ivey. 2020. Flora Neomexicana III: An Illustrated Identification Manual, Second Edition. Part 2: Dicotyledonous Plants.
  2. Cronquist, A. 1994. Asterales. In A. Cronquist, A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, J.L. Reveal, and P.K. Holmgren. Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 496 pp.
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2006b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 20. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxii + 666 pp.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).
  5. iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  8. Nesom, G.L. 2020. Taxonomic summary of <i>Heterotheca</i> (Asteraceae: Astereae): Sect.<i> Chrysanthe</i>. Phytoneuron 2020-68:1–359 [in 5 parts: 1–74; 75–134; 135–216; 217–319; 320–359].
  9. Semple, J.C. 1996. A Revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca (Nutt.) Harms (Compositae: Astereae): The Prairie and Montane Goldenasters of North America. University of Waterloo Biology Series No. 37. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2023. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2023).
  11. Stone, R.D. 1998. Endemic and rare plants of Utah: an overview of their distribution and status. Prepared for: Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission, U.S. Department of the Interior by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 566 pp. + appendices. [https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/ViewReports/plantrpt.htm]
  12. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins. (Eds). 2015. A Utah flora, fifth edition, revised 2015. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, Utah. 987 pp.