Sceloporus graciosus

Baird and Girard, 1852

Common Sagebrush Lizard

G5Secure Found in 329 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102981
Element CodeARACF14030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyPhrynosomatidae
GenusSceloporus
Other Common Names
sagebrush lizard (EN) Sagebrush Lizard (EN)
Concept Reference
Sites, J. W., Jr., J.W. Archie, C.J. Cole and O. Flores-Villela. 1992. A review of phylogenetic hypotheses for lizards of the genus Sceleporus (Phrynosomatidae): implications for ecological and evolutionary studies. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (213):1-110.
Taxonomic Comments
Chan et al. (2013) found that the currently recognized subspecies of S. graciosus are incongruent with mitochondrial haplotype clades, which often exhibit relatively deep divergences between geographically proximate samples, and that S. graciosus is paraphyletic relative to S. arenicolus. Although these findings suggest that S. graciosus is in need of taxonomic revision, those authors did not propose any taxonomic changes (Crother 2017).

Sceloporus arenicolus formerly was included in this species (see discussion in Degenhardt et al. 1996). Collins (1991, 1997) and Collins and Taggart (2002) listed subspecies vandenburgianus of southern California and Baja California as a distinct species, but they did not provide any data to support this treatment. Wiens and Reeder (1997) also listed this lizard as a species but again did not specifically address taxonomic status. Crother et al. (2000) briefly commented on the proposal to treat vandenburgianus as a species but retained it as a subspecies of S. graciosus, as did Crother (2012).
Conservation Status
Review Date2005-07-18
Change Date1996-10-28
Edition Date2010-01-28
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Range Extent Comments
This lizard ranges from Washington, Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota south to northern Baja California, northern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, and eastward into western Nebraska (Stebbins 2003). Elevational range extends from around 500 feet to about 10,500 feet (150-3,200 meters) (Stebbins 2003). The disjunct populations in southern California and the Sierra San Pedro Martir in Baja California were treated as a distinct species by Grismer (2002).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by many hundreds of collection sites (e.g., see Nussbaum et al. 1983, Baxter and Stone 1985, Censky 1986, Degenhardt et al. 1996, Hammerson 1999).
Threat Impact Comments
No major threats have been identified. Locally, some populations are negatively affected by various kinds of habitat degradation.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Upper side small spiny scales, usually with a pale dorsolateral stripe on each side; scales on rear of thigh very small, some often granular and unkeeled; no distinct blue patches on sides of throat (throat may be blue mottled); scales above eyes separated from median head scales by complete row of small scales; maximum size 15 cm total length. Mature male: enlarged postanal scales; underside of base of tail with two hemipenial swellings, blue patch (may be black-edged) on each side of belly; throat mottled or streaked with blue. Mature female: blue areas faint or absent (or pale yellowish green when inactive under rocks); gravid females may develop red/orange color along sides (e.g., rusty spot in axilla). Hatchling: usually 23-28 mm snout-vent length (Colorado, Utah). Source: Hammerson (1999).

Habitat

Habitats include sagebrush and other types of shrublands (e.g., manzanita and ceanothus brushland), also pinyon-juniper woodland and openly wooded areas of ponderosa pine or Douglas-fir; occupied areas have with open ground and some low bushes (Degenhardt et al. 1996, Hammerson 1999, Stebbins 2003). This is a ground dweller that regularly perches on rocks, logs, or snags; it uses rodent burrows, shrubs, logs, etc., for cover.

Ecology

In southern Utah and west-central California, annual survival rate averaged roughly 50-60% in adults, less than 30% in juveniles and eggs (Tinkle et al. 1993). The southern Utah population appeared to be substantially resource limited.

Home range size averaged about 400-600 sq m in Utah. M'Closkey et al. (1997) found that areas experimentally depopulated of this species were quickly recolonized from surrounding areas.

Predators include: striped whipsnakes, night snakes, and a variety of predatory birds.

Reproduction

Eggs are laid in June-July in Colorado, May-July in west-central California. In southern Utah, reproduction occurred between mid-May and and early July (Tinkle et al. 1993). Clutch size is 1-8; throughout the range, clutch size averages usually between 3 and 5 (Tinkle et al. 1993). Eggs hatch in 45-75 days (beginning in early to mid-August in Colorado and Utah, mid- to late August in west-central California). In Colorado and Utah, most adult females produce 2 clutches annually. Individuals become sexually mature in first (south) or second (north) year; at 10-11 months in west-central California. In southern Utah, most females produce their first clutch at an age of about 22-24 months (some matured in about one year under uncommon optimal conditions).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceousDesertSand/dune
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WashingtonS3Yes
IdahoS5Yes
ArizonaS3Yes
Navajo NationS5Yes
MontanaS4Yes
NebraskaS1Yes
South DakotaS2Yes
ColoradoS5Yes
North DakotaS4Yes
OregonS5Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
TexasS4Yes
NevadaS4Yes
WyomingS4Yes
UtahS5Yes
New MexicoS4Yes
Roadless Areas (329)
Arizona (3)
AreaForestAcres
Burro CanyonKaibab National Forest19,928
Red PointKaibab National Forest7,139
Willis CanyonKaibab National Forest9,688
California (148)
AreaForestAcres
AgnewSequoia National Forest9,561
Andrews Mtn.Inyo National Forest9,912
AntimonyLos Padres National Forest40,911
Bell MeadowStanislaus National Forest7,968
Bell QuinbyShasta-Trinity National Forest11,556
Benton RangeInyo National Forest9,637
Birch CreekInyo National Forest28,816
Black ButteMendocino National Forest15,461
Black CanyonInyo National Forest32,421
Black CinderLassen National Forest239
Blue Creek Rare ISix Rivers National Forest12,134
Bonanza KingShasta-Trinity National Forest16,402
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
Bucks LakePlumas National Forest680
ButtermilkInyo National Forest542
Callahan FlowModoc National Forest6,618
Caples CreekEldorado National Forest17,854
Carson - IcebergStanislaus National Forest56,430
Castle Crags AShasta-Trinity National Forest113
Castle Crags BShasta-Trinity National Forest1,619
Castle PeakTahoe National Forest14,974
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
ChinquapinShasta-Trinity National Forest22,040
Chips CreekPlumas National Forest12,940
Chips CreekLassen National Forest29,089
Cow CreekShasta-Trinity National Forest22,627
Coyote NorthInyo National Forest11,932
Coyote SoutheastInyo National Forest53,159
Cub CreekLassen National Forest8,643
DardanellesEldorado National Forest8,110
Deer MountainMendocino National Forest11,716
Devil GulchSierra National Forest30,490
Devil's Gate (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,946
Dexter CanyonInyo National Forest17,053
DiableLos Padres National Forest19,597
Dinkey LakesSierra National Forest34,171
DomeStanislaus National Forest11,085
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
DryModoc National Forest7,726
Duncan CanyonTahoe National Forest8,621
EagleStanislaus National Forest16,116
East ForkShasta-Trinity National Forest6,201
East GirardShasta-Trinity National Forest27,894
East YubaTahoe National Forest17,968
Elk CreekMendocino National Forest23,182
Excelsior (CA)Inyo National Forest45,607
Ferguson RidgeSierra National Forest6,104
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Granite ChiefTahoe National Forest6,546
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
GriderKlamath National Forest10,647
GrindstoneMendocino National Forest26,031
Grizzly PeakPlumas National Forest6,222
Grouse LakesTahoe National Forest19,085
Heart LakeLassen National Forest9,349
Hobo GulchShasta-Trinity National Forest88
Hoover - Mt.olsenHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest624
Hoover - NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,574
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
HortonInyo National Forest5,717
Iceberg - Mill CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest26,988
IshiLassen National Forest21,805
Jennie LakeSequoia National Forest2,388
KangarooKlamath National Forest40,617
KelseyKlamath National Forest3,237
Kings RiverSierra National Forest52,999
Lake EleanorShasta-Trinity National Forest397
LavasModoc National Forest25,864
Little French CShasta-Trinity National Forest11,529
Little PineLos Padres National Forest1,315
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
MatilijaLos Padres National Forest5,218
Middle ForkPlumas National Forest29,278
Middle YubaTahoe National Forest7,379
Mill CreekLassen National Forest7,587
Mill CreekSequoia National Forest27,643
MonarchSierra National Forest697
MonoLos Padres National Forest28,141
Mono CratersInyo National Forest7,115
MosesSequoia National Forest22,077
Mt. JacksonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest20,721
Mt. EddyShasta-Trinity National Forest7,232
Mt. HoffmanModoc National Forest9,780
Mt. LassicSix Rivers National Forest6,643
Mt. OlsenInyo National Forest2,161
Mt. Shasta AShasta-Trinity National Forest676
Mt. Shasta BShasta-Trinity National Forest2,809
Murphy GladeShasta-Trinity National Forest1,015
Nevahbe RidgeInyo National Forest302
NightStanislaus National Forest3,173
North Fork American RiverTahoe National Forest38,495
North Fork SmithSix Rivers National Forest37,898
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
North MountainStanislaus National Forest7,856
Oat Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,223
Orleans Mtn.Klamath National Forest49,090
PacksaddleSix Rivers National Forest3,862
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
PantherShasta-Trinity National Forest12,016
PattisonShasta-Trinity National Forest29,299
Poison HoleEldorado National Forest2,627
ProspectLassen National Forest4,078
PyramidEldorado National Forest24,347
Raymond PeakStanislaus National Forest3,646
RinconSequoia National Forest54,610
Rock Creek WestInyo National Forest3,626
RubiconEldorado National Forest4,872
RussianKlamath National Forest21,771
San JoaquinSierra National Forest22,474
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
ScodiesSequoia National Forest725
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
Ship MountainSix Rivers National Forest11,936
SiskiyouKlamath National Forest54,039
Siskiyou BSix Rivers National Forest18,871
Skeleton GladeMendocino National Forest9,237
Slate Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,299
SnoozerKlamath National Forest23,414
Snow MountainMendocino National Forest14,457
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
South ForkShasta-Trinity National Forest16,786
South SierraInyo National Forest41,853
South SierraSequoia National Forest8,008
Steele SwampModoc National Forest18,958
Sycamore SpringsSierra National Forest10,015
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
ThatcherMendocino National Forest16,652
Thomes CreekMendocino National Forest16,616
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
Tragedy - Elephants BackEldorado National Forest20,866
Trail LakeLassen National Forest1,124
UnderwoodSix Rivers National Forest6,591
WaterhouseStanislaus National Forest4,394
WattersonInyo National Forest6,922
Weaver BallyShasta-Trinity National Forest829
West GirardShasta-Trinity National Forest37,516
West YubaPlumas National Forest6,071
Wheeler RidgeInyo National Forest15,744
Whisky CreekInyo National Forest865
Wild Cattle MtnLassen National Forest4,965
Wild Horse Mtn. (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,822
Wilderness ContiguousMendocino National Forest3,606
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Colorado (2)
AreaForestAcres
Dome PeakRoutt NF35,716
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Idaho (2)
AreaForestAcres
Italian PeakCaribou-Targhee National Forest141,158
Lemhi RangeSalmon-Challis National Forest308,533
Montana (5)
AreaForestAcres
Gallatin FringeGallatin National Forest51,571
MadisonGallatin National Forest127,859
Mt. Gmt Area HCuster National Forest1,335
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
West Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest133,563
Nevada (42)
AreaForestAcres
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Angel Peak SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest6,540
Antelope - West 1Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,642
Arc Dome - Blank Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,662
Arc Dome - Cow CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,410
Arc Dome - OphirHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,652
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
ButlerHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest39,470
Cave CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest6,145
Charleston - CarpenterHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest17,828
Charleston - Macks CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,378
CooperHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,889
Copper Mtns.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest31,945
Currant - East SlopeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest10,101
Duck Creek Mtns.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,165
Excelsior Mtns.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest69,071
Georges CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest108,551
Iron SpringHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest36,737
Jarbidge - West ForkHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,725
La Madre - ProspectHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest278
MarysvilleHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,365
Moriah - Hendrys Ck.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,345
Mt. ArdiveyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest37,984
North DobbinsHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest10,411
North Shoshone PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest40,667
Pearl PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest71,405
Ruby - Lamoille CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest32,771
Ruby - SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest13,195
Ruby - ThompsonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,289
Sam's CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,869
Snake - Big WashHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,146
Snake - ChokecherryHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest30,845
Snake - HatcheryHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,627
Snake - MurphyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest27,064
Snake - Peacock CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,069
South SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest125,614
Table Mtn. - EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest87,789
Tehama CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest7,656
Toiyabe RangeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest99,225
Toquima CaveHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest43,147
Ward MountainHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,927
WilhoitesHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,297
North Dakota (3)
AreaForestAcres
BlacktailDakota Prairie Grasslands8,620
Long X DivideDakota Prairie Grasslands10,099
WannaganDakota Prairie Grasslands6,026
Oregon (9)
AreaForestAcres
Brattain ButteFremont National Forest5,959
Deadhorse RimFremont National Forest13,496
Mt. JeffersonDeschutes National Forest2,282
North KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests91,560
North PaulinaDeschutes National Forest19,670
Shasta CostaSiskiyou National Forests14,420
Sky Lakes AWinema National Forest3,940
South KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests104,477
South PaulinaDeschutes National Forest9,074
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Utah (100)
AreaForestAcres
0401001Ashley National Forest11,705
0401002Ashley National Forest36,113
0401010Ashley National Forest21,886
0401011Ashley National Forest30,062
0401023Ashley National Forest8,352
0401024Ashley National Forest12,882
0401025Ashley National Forest1,471
0401032Ashley National Forest6,471
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418004Uinta National Forest16,661
418012Uinta National Forest25,758
418013Uinta National Forest14,643
418014Uinta National Forest9,683
418015Uinta National Forest17,289
418016Uinta National Forest35,240
418017Uinta National Forest19,631
418021Uinta National Forest6,255
418022Uinta National Forest17,289
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
418026Uinta National Forest14,038
418027Uinta National Forest13,884
418028Uinta National Forest34,002
418029Uinta National Forest15,673
418031Uinta National Forest18,173
418040Uinta National Forest1,702
Beehive PeakFishlake National Forest59,137
Boulder MountainWasatch-Cache National Forest8,852
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer LakeDixie National Forest110,690
Box - Death HollowDixie National Forest3,175
Bullion - DelanoFishlake National Forest14,917
Burch CreekWasatch-Cache National Forest6,938
Capital ReefDixie National Forest763
Casto BluffDixie National Forest87,466
Cedar BenchDixie National Forest8,915
Cedar KnollManti-Lasal National Forest22,502
City CreekFishlake National Forest13,939
Clarkston Mtn.Caribou National Forest7,099
Clear CreekSawtooth National Forest7,188
CopleysFishlake National Forest11,683
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Cove CreekFishlake National Forest25,555
Dairy ForkManti-Lasal National Forest30,222
Dog ValleyFishlake National Forest11,810
FergusonFishlake National Forest5,690
FishhookDixie National Forest12,959
Happy ValleyDixie National Forest14,458
Hilgard MountainFishlake National Forest28,389
Hog RanchDixie National Forest17,130
HogsbackWasatch-Cache National Forest7,936
Horse Mountain - Mans PeakManti-Lasal National Forest22,159
Jake HollowDixie National Forest15,146
Joe LottFishlake National Forest19,826
LakesWasatch-Cache National Forest121,967
LangdonFishlake National Forest12,160
Lewis PeakWasatch-Cache National Forest11,616
Little CreekFishlake National Forest11,479
Lone Peak ContiguousWasatch-Cache National Forest874
Long Neck Mesa / Steep Creek / Oak Creek - Steep Creek / OakDixie National Forest55,489
Lookout PeakFishlake National Forest9,195
Mahogany RangeWasatch-Cache National Forest11,409
Marysvale PeakFishlake National Forest22,624
Middle FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest3,296
Mineral CanyonDixie National Forest8,402
Moody WashDixie National Forest31,835
Mt. AireWasatch-Cache National Forest9,681
Mt. Logan NorthWasatch-Cache National Forest18,930
Mt. Logan SouthWasatch-Cache National Forest17,014
Mt. Logan WestWasatch-Cache National Forest5,285
Mt. NaomiWasatch-Cache National Forest41,922
Mt. OlympusWasatch-Cache National Forest9,982
Mt. Johns Peak - Mt AliceFishlake National Forest12,469
Mt. Um Plateau - Mt TerrillFishlake National Forest17,490
North FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest8,148
North PavantFishlake National Forest53,262
Oak CreekFishlake National Forest54,053
PavantFishlake National Forest42,560
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
PyramidsFishlake National Forest13,020
Red Canyon NorthDixie National Forest9,973
Red Canyon SouthDixie National Forest3,736
Right Hand Fork LoganWasatch-Cache National Forest15,023
Rock CanyonDixie National Forest16,457
SanpitchManti-Lasal National Forest29,129
Signal PeakFishlake National Forest30,889
South FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest3,374
South RimDixie National Forest1,372
Stansbury MountainsWasatch-Cache National Forest39,696
Stoddard MountainDixie National Forest13,165
Swan Creek MountainWasatch-Cache National Forest9,390
Table Cliffs - Henderson CanyonDixie National Forest19,581
Temple PeakWasatch-Cache National Forest24,081
Thousand Lake MountainFishlake National Forest27,267
TibadoreFishlake National Forest9,266
Tushar MountainFishlake National Forest39,992
Twin PeaksWasatch-Cache National Forest6,157
Upper South ForkWasatch-Cache National Forest16,811
Wayne WonderlandFishlake National Forest12,395
WellsvilleWasatch-Cache National Forest1,717
White PineWasatch-Cache National Forest1,942
Wyoming (14)
AreaForestAcres
0401035Ashley National Forest5,465
0401036Ashley National Forest6,309
Canyon CreekShoshone National Forest7,530
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
Grayback RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest295,113
Horse Creek MesaBighorn National Forest77,808
Middle ForkShoshone National Forest51,772
Pacific Creek - Blackrock CreekBridger-Teton National Forest24,658
Salt River RangeBridger-Teton National Forest235,661
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
Teton Corridor TrailheadsBridger-Teton National Forest286
Trout CreekShoshone National Forest44,034
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
References (25)
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