Carex aurea

Nutt.

Golden-fruit Sedge

G5Secure Found in 63 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.147646
Element CodePMCYP031C0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
Carex doré (FR) Golden Sedge (EN) golden sedge (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-06-16
Change Date1984-02-24
Edition Date2025-06-16
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex aurea is a perennial graminoid in a variety of open or shaded wetland habitats that occurs throughout Canada and in the United States in Alaska and Maine west through the Great Lakes region to Washington and south to Texas west to California. There are over 1800 occurrences, which face threats from development, quarrying, rights-of-way maintenance, recreational activities, hydrological alteration, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex aurea occurs throughout Canada and in the United States in Alaska and Maine west through the Great Lakes region to Washington and south to Texas west to California (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be over 15 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over 1800 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, quarrying, rights-of-way maintenance, recreational activities (especially off-road vehicles), hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Forming small to medium clumps, culms slender, erect, triangular. Stolons long, slender, and horizontal.

Diagnostic Characteristics

Spikes (the lower and the upper) distinctly unalike, lateral spikes sessile or peduncled; if sessile then more or less elongate. Perigynia turgid, obovoid, elliptic in cross section. Mature perigynia membraneous, whitish-puberulent, pistillate scales blunt or rounded. Achenes lenticular to plano-convex, stigmas 2, spikes 2 or more.

Habitat

Carex aurea grows in "moist, open or shaded habitats, especially meadows and seepage slopes, usually on basic soils" (FNA 2002).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDSCRUB-SHRUB WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS4Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS4Yes
LabradorS1Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS3Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS2Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS4Yes
Yukon TerritoryS4Yes
NunavutS2Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WisconsinSNRYes
WyomingS4Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
NevadaS3Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
MontanaS4Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
IndianaS3Yes
UtahS3Yes
ColoradoS4Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
KansasS1Yes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
IllinoisS3Yes
TexasS1Yes
New YorkS5Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
New HampshireS2Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
ArizonaS3Yes
OhioS3Yes
WashingtonSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, DECIDUOUS
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (63)
California (18)
AreaForestAcres
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Grouse LakesTahoe National Forest19,085
Heart LakeLassen National Forest9,349
Hoover - Mt.olsenHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest624
Hoover - Virginia LksHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,050
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
Middle YubaTahoe National Forest7,379
Mt. OlsenInyo National Forest2,161
NessieInyo National Forest830
Nevahbe RidgeInyo National Forest302
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
San JoaquinSierra National Forest22,474
SherwinInyo National Forest3,140
South SierraSequoia National Forest8,008
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
Colorado (3)
AreaForestAcres
Bristol HeadRio Grande NF46,087
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Idaho (4)
AreaForestAcres
Borah PeakSalmon-Challis National Forest130,463
Italian PeakCaribou-Targhee National Forest141,158
Lemhi RangeSalmon-Challis National Forest308,533
Peace RockBoise National Forest191,734
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
Montana (3)
AreaForestAcres
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
Marston Face # 172Kootenai National Forest9,098
West PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest248,631
Nevada (5)
AreaForestAcres
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Charleston - Macks CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,378
Charleston - McfarlandHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,465
Ruby - Lamoille CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest32,771
Ruby - ThompsonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,289
New Mexico (1)
AreaForestAcres
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
Oregon (3)
AreaForestAcres
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Lick CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,956
Snake RiverWallowa-Whitman National Forest31,229
Utah (8)
AreaForestAcres
418009Uinta National Forest18,064
418017Uinta National Forest19,631
418044Uinta National Forest5,495
Boulger - Black CanyonManti-Lasal National Forest23,286
Clear CreekSawtooth National Forest7,188
HancockDixie National Forest9,809
Right Hand Fork LoganWasatch-Cache National Forest15,023
Temple PeakWasatch-Cache National Forest24,081
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Washington (7)
AreaForestAcres
Jackson CreekOkanogan National Forest7,791
Liberty BellOkanogan National Forest108,495
Long SwampOkanogan National Forest66,344
Mt. BonaparteOkanogan National Forest10,891
Pasayten RimOkanogan National Forest17,074
Salmo - Priest BColville National Forest11,869
TiffanyOkanogan National Forest22,045
Wyoming (9)
AreaForestAcres
East Fork EncampmentMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest7,445
Encampment River AdditionMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest4,996
Grayback RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest295,113
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
Horse Creek MesaBighorn National Forest77,808
Laramie PeakMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest28,608
Libby FlatsMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest11,107
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).