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Penstemon deaveri

Crosswhite

Mt. Graham Beardtongue

G4Apparently Secure Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.139747
Element CodePDSCR1L1W0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPlantaginales
FamilyPlantaginaceae
GenusPenstemon
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Penstemon deaveri was described as a new species by Frank S. Crosswhite in 1967. Prior to that, these plants were treated as Penstemon virgatus A. Gray ssp. arizonicus (A. Gray) D.D. Keck, which is now considered a synonym (Bleakly 2007, Kearney and Peebles 1960), also Penstemon hallii A. Gray var. arizonicus A. Gray is another synonym (Bleakly 2007).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2018-12-05
Change Date2018-12-05
Edition Date2018-12-05
Edition AuthorsC. Nordman (2018).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 - 300
Rank Reasons
Penstemon deaveri is endemic and locally common in eastern Arizona but rarer in western New Mexico. There are protected occurrences on public lands (SEINet 2018). Current land uses apparently pose no threat to Penstemon deaveri (Bleakly 2007). Extreme drought is a threat, including drought associated with climate change.
Range Extent Comments
Penstemon deaveri is endemic to an area of about 52,000 square km (20,000 square miles) in mountain ranges in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico (Allred and Ivey 2012, SEINet 2018). It is not known from Mexico (Villaseñor 2016).
Occurrences Comments
There are 245 herbarium collections of Penstemon deaveri (SEINet 2018), mostly from Apache, Greenlee, and Graham counties in Arizona where it appears to be relatively common (Bleakly 2007). While it has been called rare in New Mexico (Allred and Ivey 2012), Penstemon deaveri is too abundant and has too great a range to be considered rare under New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council criteria (Bleakly 2007).
Threat Impact Comments
Current land uses apparently pose no threat to Penstemon deaveri (Bleakly 2007). Extreme drought is a threat, including drought associated with climate change.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Penstemon deaveri is an opposite leaved perennial forb, up to 6 dm (2 feet) tall, with purple tubular flowers.

Diagnostic Characteristics

Plants perennial, robust, pubescent, leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate, sessile, longer than 35 mm, inflorescence puberulent, not glandular and somewhat secund, anthers glabrous, staminode with tuft of golden hairs at tip; corolla blue purple, violet purple, occasionally paler, 16-25 mm, base of lower corolla lobes white bearded; sepals 4-9 mm (Allred and Ivey 2012, Bleakly 2007).

Habitat

Penstemon deaveri occurs on mountain slopes and rocky areas from ponderosa pine forest to above the timberline (Allred and Ivey 2012, Bleakly 2007), including spruce-fir-pine forests, and mountain meadows (SEINet 2018). It occurs at 1980-3440 m (6500-11280 ft) elevation (Bleakly 2007).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - ConiferGrassland/herbaceousAlpine
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS3Yes
New MexicoS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
11 - Climate change & severe weatherRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh - moderate
11.2 - DroughtsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh - moderate

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, SUMMER-FLOWERING
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
Arizona (3)
AreaForestAcres
NolanApache-Sitgreaves National Forests6,780
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Salt HouseApache-Sitgreaves National Forests21,848
References (7)
  1. Allred, K.W., and R.D. Ivey. 2012. Flora Neomexicana III: An Illustrated Identification Manual. 715 pp.
  2. Bleakly, D. 2007. New Mexico Rare Plants: <i>Penstemon deaveri (Not NMRPTC Rare)</i>. New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Online. Available: http://nmrareplants.unm.edu/rarelist_single.php?SpeciesID=133 (Accessed 2018).
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  5. Kearney, T.H., R.H. Peebles, and collaborators. 1951. Arizona flora. 2nd edition with Supplement (1960) by J.T. Howell, E. McClintock, and collaborators. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1085 pp.
  6. Lodewick, R., and K. Lodewick. 1999. Key to the genus Penstemon and its related genera in the tribe Cheloneae including Chelone, Chionophila, Keckiella, Nothochelone and Pennellianthus (Scrophulariaceae). Kenneth and Robin Lodewick, Eugene, Oregon. 136 pp.
  7. Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.