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Home/Species/ Vermilion Flycatcher

Pyrocephalus rubinus

(Boddaert, 1783)

Vermilion Flycatcher

G5Secure Found in 36 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100782
Element CodeABPAE36010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyTyrannidae
GenusPyrocephalus
Other Common Names
Mosquero Cardenal, Churrinche, Saca-tu-real, Hijo (ES) Moucherolle vermillon (FR) Principe, Verão (PT)
Concept Reference
American Ornithological Society (AOS). Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Sixty-third Supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. Ornithology 139:1-13.
Taxonomic Comments
Formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered conspecific with extralimital species P. nanus Gould, 1839 [Brujo Flycatcher] but separated, following Remsen et al. (2022), based on differences in vocalizations, plumage, and morphology (Ridgway 1907, DeBenedictis 1966, Steadman 1986); Galapagos endemic P. nanus also forms a mitochondrial genetic lineage sister to all continental populations of P. rubinus (Carmi et al. 2016) (AOS 2022).
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-12-02
Change Date1996-12-02
Range Extent Comments
BREEDS: southern California, central Arizona, central New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and central Texas south into Middle America, also in South America. NORTHERN WINTER: southern California, northern Arizona, central New Mexico, central Texas, and Gulf Coast (east to Florida) south through breeding range.
Threat Impact Comments
Decline in southwestern U.S. possibly is related to destruction of breeding habitat and cowbird parasitism (USFWS 1987).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Arid scrub, desert, savanna, cultivated lands, riparian woodland edge, small wooded ponds, washes, roadside shade trees. Nests in tree, usually in horizontal fork about 2-6 m above ground, along watercourse in arid area.

Reproduction

Clutch size is 2-4 (usually 3). Some female possibly produce 2 broods per year. Incubation, by female, lasts 14-15 days. Young are tended by both parents, leave nest at 14-16 days.
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodShrubland/chaparralSavannaOld fieldDesertCropland/hedgerow
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS5Yes
CaliforniaS2Yes
New MexicoS4B,S4NYes
OklahomaS1BYes
LouisianaS2NYes
UtahS1BYes
NevadaS2Yes
ArkansasSNAYes
AlabamaSNRNYes
TexasS4BYes
Roadless Areas (36)
Arizona (18)
AreaForestAcres
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Happy ValleyCoronado National Forest7,972
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
SunsetApache-Sitgreaves National Forests28,948
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
Upper Romero WsrCoronado National Forest150
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
California (4)
AreaForestAcres
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Montana (1)
AreaForestAcres
West Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest133,563
Nevada (1)
AreaForestAcres
Boundary Peak (NV)Inyo National Forest21,851
New Mexico (8)
AreaForestAcres
Capitan MountainsLincoln National Forest14,069
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Gila BoxGila National Forest23,759
Last Chance CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
Ryan HillCibola National Forest34,201
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Utah (1)
AreaForestAcres
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
References (27)
  1. American Ornithological Society (AOS). Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Sixty-third Supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. Ornithology 139:1-13.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  4. Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, <i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i>. Condor 73:287-302.
  5. Bent, A.C. 1942. Life histories of North American flycatchers, larks, swallows, and their allies. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 179. Washington, DC.
  6. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  7. Braun, M. J., D. W. Finch, M. B. Robbins, and B. K. Schmidt. 2000. A field checklist of the birds of Guyana. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
  8. Castro, I. and A. Phillips. 1996. A guide to the birds of the Galapagos Islands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
  9. Fessl, B. and S. Tebbich. 2002. Philornis downsi - a recently discovered parasite on the Galapagos archipelago - a threat for Darwin's finches? Ibis 144:445-451.
  10. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  11. Harrison, H. H. 1979. A field guide to western birds' nests. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 279 pp.
  12. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
  13. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  14. Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
  15. Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
  16. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  17. Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
  18. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 2022. A Classification of the Bird Species of South America. American Ornithological Society. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
  19. Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
  20. Ríos-Chelen, A. and C. Macias-García. 2004. Flight display song of the Vermilion Flycatcher. Wilson Bulletin 116:360-362.
  21. Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (<i>Cyanocitta cristata</i>). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
  22. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  23. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
  24. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1987. Migratory nongame birds of management concern in the United States: the 1987 list. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management, Washington, D.C. 63 pp.
  25. Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
  26. Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.
  27. Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.