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Swertia perennis

L.

Felwort

G5Secure Found in 109 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.141358
Element CodePDGEN0H010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderGentianales
FamilyGentianaceae
GenusSwertia
Other Common Names
felwort (EN) Swertie vivace (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-07-24
Change Date1990-01-16
Edition Date2023-07-24
Edition AuthorsTomaino, A. (2023)
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Swertia perennis is a circumboreal species with a wide range in western North America. It is estimated to have well over 300 occurrences.
Range Extent Comments
Swertia perennis is a circumboreal species, that occurs in Eurasia, and in North America from Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia to Montana, south to California and New Mexico (Lesica et al. 2012, (WNHP 2023). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1992 and 2023 (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, SEINet 2023).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1992 and 2023, it is estimated that there are over 300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, SEINet 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
Threats in Washington state are grazing and water diversion (WNHP 2023).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Swertia perennis occurs in moist areas such as on streambanks, shallow rocky swales, and wet meadows over granite bedrock in montane to subalpine zones (Ackerfield 2015, WNHP 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Grassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
AlaskaS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
WashingtonS1Yes
UtahS2Yes
NevadaS2Yes
CaliforniaS3Yes
WyomingS4Yes
ArizonaSNRYes
OregonS2Yes
ColoradoS4Yes
IdahoSNRYes
MontanaS4Yes
CanadaN4
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS4Yes
Yukon TerritoryS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquaculture———
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranching———
7 - Natural system modifications———
7.2 - Dams & water management/use———

—

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (109)
Alaska (35)
AreaForestAcres
Bering LakeChugach National Forest965,076
Boston BarChugach National Forest53,617
ChichagofTongass National Forest555,858
Chilkat-West Lynn CanalTongass National Forest199,772
Chugach-12Chugach National Forest8,116
Chugach-13Chugach National Forest13,337
College FiordChugach National Forest1,130,818
Copper River WetlandsChugach National Forest85,972
Douglas IslandTongass National Forest28,065
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Freshwater BayTongass National Forest44,933
Game CreekTongass National Forest54,469
Hoonah SoundTongass National Forest79,764
Johnson PassChugach National Forest152,508
Juneau-Skagway IcefieldTongass National Forest1,187,268
KartaTongass National Forest52,117
KekuTongass National Forest10,869
Kenai LakeChugach National Forest213,172
Kenai MountainsChugach National Forest306,600
KogishTongass National Forest65,216
Neka BayTongass National Forest7,142
Neka MountainTongass National Forest6,138
Nellie JuanChugach National Forest713,697
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North KruzofTongass National Forest33,146
Prince William Sound Is.Chugach National Forest118,698
ResurrectionChugach National Forest224,615
RhineTongass National Forest23,010
Roaded DonutChugach National Forest968
Sheridan GlacierChugach National Forest224,683
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Taku-SnettishamTongass National Forest664,928
Tenakee RidgeTongass National Forest20,527
Thorne RiverTongass National Forest72,983
Twenty MileChugach National Forest198,775
California (3)
AreaForestAcres
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
Colorado (9)
AreaForestAcres
Comanche Peak Adjacent AreaArapaho & Roosevelt NFs44,158
Dome PeakRoutt NF35,716
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Long ParkRoutt NF42,100
Pagoda PeakRoutt NF57,676
Pole Mountain / Finger MesaRio Grande NF43,863
Red TableWhite River NF39,122
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Storm PeakSan Juan NF57,617
Idaho (3)
AreaForestAcres
Boulder - White CloudsSalmon-Challis National Forest139,297
Boulder - White CloudsSawtooth National Forest322,653
Peace RockBoise National Forest191,734
Montana (18)
AreaForestAcres
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLolo National Forest118,485
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanHelena National Forest51,360
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLewis and Clark National Forest344,022
Crazy MountainGallatin National Forest82,093
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
Gallatin FringeGallatin National Forest51,571
Hyalite - Porcupine - Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study AreaGallatin National Forest143,991
Line Creek PlateauCuster National Forest24,825
LionheadGallatin National Forest33,549
MadisonGallatin National Forest127,859
Middle Mtn. / Tobacco RootsBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest96,487
North AbsarokaCuster National Forest21,063
North Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest52,227
Selway - Bitterroot (01067)Bitterroot National Forest114,953
Silver KingBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest64,289
Stony MountainBitterroot National Forest44,057
Storm LakeBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest9,324
West PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest248,631
Nevada (2)
AreaForestAcres
Ruby - Lamoille CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest32,771
Ruby - ThompsonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,289
New Mexico (5)
AreaForestAcres
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
GallinasSanta Fe National Forest13,208
PecosCarson National Forest13,436
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Wheeler Peak WildernessCarson National Forest2,677
Oregon (4)
AreaForestAcres
Greenhorn MountainMalheur National Forest15,936
Greenhorn Mtn.Umatilla National Forest11,191
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Twin MountainWallowa-Whitman National Forest58,533
Utah (9)
AreaForestAcres
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418003Uinta National Forest10,912
418004Uinta National Forest16,661
418009Uinta National Forest18,064
418017Uinta National Forest19,631
High Uintas (UT)Wasatch-Cache National Forest102,398
LakesWasatch-Cache National Forest121,967
Mt. OlympusWasatch-Cache National Forest9,982
Twin PeaksWasatch-Cache National Forest6,157
Washington (3)
AreaForestAcres
Boulder RiverMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest32,563
Glacier Peak KMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest47,269
Glacier Peak LMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest14,084
Wyoming (18)
AreaForestAcres
Beartooth Proposed WildernessShoshone National Forest16,837
Campbell LakeMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest7,088
Canyon CreekShoshone National Forest7,530
East Fork EncampmentMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest7,445
Encampment River AdditionMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest4,996
French CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest5,928
Illinois CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest6,711
Libby FlatsMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest11,107
Middle ForkShoshone National Forest51,772
Mosquito Lake - Seven LakesBridger-Teton National Forest51,950
Platte River AdditionMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest7,962
Rock CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest18,874
Snowy RangeMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest29,660
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
Sulphur CreekShoshone National Forest30,221
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
Windy MountainShoshone National Forest31,283
References (12)
  1. Ackerfield, J. 2015. Flora of Colorado. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX. 818 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).
  3. iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).
  4. Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2023. Jepson eFlora. Online. Available: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ (accessed 2023).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Lesica, P. 2012a. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX. 771p.
  7. Montana Natural Heritage Program. 2023. Montana Field Guide. Online. Available: http://fieldguide.mt.gov (Accessed 2023).
  8. Munz, P.A., with D.D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1681 pp.
  9. NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2023. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2023).
  11. Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP). 2023. Online Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Washington. Online. Available: https://fieldguide.mt.gov/wa (accessed 2023).
  12. Wildflower Center. 2007. Native Plant Database: <i>Swertia perennis</i>. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas, Austin. Accessed: September 15, 2022. https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SWPE