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Home/Species/ Black Phoebe

Sayornis nigricans

(Swainson, 1827)

Black Phoebe

G5Secure Found in 150 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103376
Element CodeABPAE35010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyTyrannidae
GenusSayornis
Other Common Names
Moucherolle noir (FR) Papamoscas Negro, Pitajo Negruzco (ES)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Birds from central Panama south through South America have sometimes been regarded as a distinct species, S. latirostris (White-winged Phoebe) (AOU 1983).
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-12-02
Change Date1996-12-02
Range Extent Comments
RESIDENT: California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and central Texas, south to Baja California and the mainland of Mexico, Central and South American highlands to northern Argentina (Terres 1980).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Usually found near water; marshy ponds, open woodlands along streams, near farm ponds and irrigation ditches. Seen in towns and parks. Colombia: mainly foothills and mountains, usually not in lowlands where streams lack steep gradient (Hilty and Brown 1986). Nests on cliff ledges, under eaves of buildings, under bridges, in wells or mine shafts, etc.

Reproduction

Clutch size 3-6 (usually 4-5) (2-3 in Costa Rica, Stiles and Skutch 1989). Incubation 15-18 days, by female. Altricial, downy young tended by both parents, leave nest in 21 days, may be fed by male while female re-nests.
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodCliffSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
ColoradoS1Yes
UtahS2Yes
ArizonaS5Yes
New MexicoS5B,S5NYes
Navajo NationS2B,S1NYes
TexasS4BYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
NevadaS4Yes
OregonS3B,S3NYes
Roadless Areas (150)
Arizona (20)
AreaForestAcres
Barbershop CanyonCoconino National Forest1,311
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
East Clear CreekCoconino National Forest1,613
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Horse MesaTonto National Forest9,146
Lime CreekTonto National Forest42,568
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Mitchell PeakApache-Sitgreaves National Forests35,398
PicachoTonto National Forest4,969
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
Sierra Ancha Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest7,787
SunsetApache-Sitgreaves National Forests28,948
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
California (94)
AreaForestAcres
AgnewSequoia National Forest9,561
AntimonyLos Padres National Forest40,911
Arroyo SecoAngeles National Forest4,703
Bald RockPlumas National Forest4,675
Barker ValleyCleveland National Forest11,940
Bear MountainLos Padres National Forest913
BlackKlamath National Forest6,530
Black ButteLos Padres National Forest5,116
Black MountainLos Padres National Forest16,818
Black Mtn.Sequoia National Forest15,102
Bonanza KingShasta-Trinity National Forest16,402
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
CamuesaLos Padres National Forest8,209
Chalk PeakLos Padres National Forest7,472
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
City CreekSan Bernardino National Forest9,997
ColdwaterCleveland National Forest8,402
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga AAngeles National Forest1,249
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cucamonga CSan Bernardino National Forest4,106
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
CuyamaLos Padres National Forest19,631
De La GuerraLos Padres National Forest5,418
Deep CreekSan Bernardino National Forest23,869
Devil GulchSierra National Forest30,490
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
Dry LakesLos Padres National Forest17,043
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
Excelsior (CA)Inyo National Forest45,607
Ferguson RidgeSierra National Forest6,104
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
IshiLassen National Forest21,805
Jennie LakeSequoia National Forest2,388
Kings RiverSierra National Forest52,999
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Lpoor CanyonLos Padres National Forest13,762
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Malduce BuckhornLos Padres National Forest14,177
ManzanaLos Padres National Forest2,101
Middle ForkPlumas National Forest29,278
Middle YubaTahoe National Forest7,379
Mill CreekSequoia National Forest27,643
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
MonarchSierra National Forest697
MonoLos Padres National Forest28,141
MosesSequoia National Forest22,077
Mt. Shasta BShasta-Trinity National Forest2,809
No NameCleveland National Forest4,897
NordhoffLos Padres National Forest12,031
North Fork Middle Fork American RiverTahoe National Forest11,245
North MountainStanislaus National Forest7,856
Oat Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,223
Orleans Mtn.Klamath National Forest49,090
Orleans Mtn. BSix Rivers National Forest17,183
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
Pleasant ViewAngeles National Forest26,395
Pyramid Peak BSan Bernardino National Forest7,194
Raymond PeakStanislaus National Forest3,646
Raywood Flat BSan Bernardino National Forest11,373
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
RinconSequoia National Forest54,610
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Salt CreekAngeles National Forest11,022
San DimasAngeles National Forest7,160
San Gabriel AddAngeles National Forest2,527
San JoaquinSierra National Forest22,474
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
Sheep MountainAngeles National Forest21,098
Sill HillCleveland National Forest5,294
Slate Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,299
South SierraInyo National Forest41,853
Strawberry PeakAngeles National Forest7,245
TequepisLos Padres National Forest9,080
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
TrabucoCleveland National Forest23,341
Trumbull PeakStanislaus National Forest6,164
TuleAngeles National Forest9,861
WestforkAngeles National Forest4,407
Wheeler RidgeInyo National Forest15,744
White LedgeLos Padres National Forest18,632
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
Long ParkRoutt NF42,100
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Nevada (9)
AreaForestAcres
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Angel Peak SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest6,540
Aurora CraterHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,689
Chineese Camp (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,207
Pine Grove NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,749
Pine Grove SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest88,945
Rose - EvansHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,782
Santa RosaHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest54,555
Snake - Big WashHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,146
New Mexico (13)
AreaForestAcres
Capitan MountainsLincoln National Forest14,069
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Frisco BoxGila National Forest38,979
Gila BoxGila National Forest23,759
Last Chance CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
Lower San FranciscoGila National Forest26,460
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
Rancho ViejoSanta Fe National Forest3,827
Ryan HillCibola National Forest34,201
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
Oregon (6)
AreaForestAcres
Hebo 1aSiuslaw National Forest13,930
SherwoodUmpqua National Forest2,449
South KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests104,477
TahkenitchSiuslaw National Forest5,799
TenmileSiuslaw National Forest10,818
WoahinkSiuslaw National Forest5,309
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Utah (3)
AreaForestAcres
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
References (24)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, <i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i>. Condor 73:287-302.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Bureau of Land Management. Life History Summaries.
  6. Droege, S., and J.R. Sauer. 1990. North American Breeding Bird Survey, annual summary, 1989. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 90(8). 22 pp.
  7. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  8. Hilty, S.L. and W. L. Brown. 1986. A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA. 836 pp.
  9. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
  10. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  11. Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
  12. Mitchell, W. A. 1988. Songbird nest boxes. Section 5.1.8, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. Tech. Rep. EL-88-19. Waterways Expt. Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 48 pp.
  13. Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
  14. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  15. Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
  16. Ridgely, R. S. 2002. Distribution maps of South American birds. Unpublished.
  17. Ridgely, R. S. and J. A. Gwynne, Jr. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Panama. 2nd edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
  18. Stiles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 511 pp.
  19. Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (<i>Cyanocitta cristata</i>). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
  20. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  21. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
  22. Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
  23. Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.
  24. Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.