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Home/Species/ Northern Redbelly Dace

Chrosomus eos

Cope, 1862

Northern Redbelly Dace

G5Secure Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104770
Element CodeAFCJB31020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusChrosomus
Synonyms
Phoxinus eos(Cope, 1862)
Other Common Names
Ventre rouge du nord (FR)
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Hybridizes with C. neogaeus (Das and Nelson 1989); hybrids between C. eos and C. neogaeus comprise diploid, triploid, and diploid-triploid mosaic unisexuals; diploids are products of clonal reproduction (Dawley et al. 1987). Aclonal reproduction by polyploids also occurs (Copeia 1993:650-660).

This species formerly was included in the genus Phoxinus. Based on patterns of genetic variation, Strange and Mayden (2009) reassigned all North American Phoxinus species to the genus Chrosomus.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2015-08-17
Change Date1996-09-17
Edition Date2011-11-03
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Range Extent Comments
Range includes Atlantic, Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Peace-Mackenzie river drainages, from Nova Scotia west to Northwest Territories and British Columbia, and south to northern Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Nebraska, with an isolated population in the South Platte river system, Colorado (Page and Burr 2011).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations).
Threat Impact Comments
No major threats exist over most of the range. Southern-most population in Colorado has been reduced by stream channelization, reductions in discharge, and changes in water quality; it is now threatened by continued urban development (Bestgen 1989).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes boggy lakes, ponds; beaver ponds, and pools of headwaters and creeks; this fish is often in tea colored water over fine detritus or silt; usually near vegetation (Lee et al. 1980, Page and Burr 2011). Spawning occurs among mats of filamentous algae or aquatic plants (Faber 1985).

Reproduction

Spawns late May-early August under normal conditions throughout the Great Lakes region; eggs hatch in about 8-10 days at 21-27 C; first spawns at age I or II (Becker 1983, Faber 1985). Spawns mid-June to mid-August in Clear Lake, Ontario; fractional spawner (Can. Field-Nat. 106:237-240).
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MaineS4Yes
New YorkS4Yes
New HampshireS3Yes
NebraskaS2Yes
MichiganS5Yes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
WisconsinS5Yes
MassachusettsS1Yes
North DakotaS4Yes
ColoradoS1Yes
South DakotaS3Yes
MontanaS2Yes
VermontS4Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS4Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
QuebecS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
SaskatchewanS3Yes
AlbertaS3Yes
Prince Edward IslandS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
7 - Natural system modificationsSmall (1-10%)—High (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useSmall (1-10%)—High (continuing)
9 - PollutionSmall (1-10%)—High (continuing)
9.1 - Domestic & urban waste waterSmall (1-10%)—High (continuing)
9.2 - Industrial & military effluentsSmall (1-10%)—High (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (5)
Minnesota (3)
AreaForestAcres
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest6,712
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Cabin CreekSuperior National Forest6,071
North Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
SheyenneDakota Prairie Grasslands14,537
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
References (25)
  1. Becker, G. C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 1,052 pp.
  2. Bestgen, K. R. 1989. Distribution and notes on the biology of <i>Phoxinus eos</i> (Cyprinidae) in Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 34:225-231.
  3. Cooper, E. L. 1983. Fishes of Pennsylvania and the northeastern United States. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 243 pp.
  4. Cox, Kenneth M. (District Fisheries Biologist, VT Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. March 2000.
  5. Das, M. K., and J. S. Nelson. 1989. Hybridization between northern redbelly dace (PHOXINUS EOS) and finescale dace (PHOXINUS NEOGAEUS) (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae) in Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 67:579-584.
  6. Dawley, R. M., R. J. Schultz, and K. A. Goddard. 1987. Clonal reproduction and polyploidy in unisexual hybrids of <i>Phoxinus eos</i> and <i>Phoxinus neogaeus</i> (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Copeia 1987:275-283.
  7. Faber, D. J. 1985. The early development of the northern redbelly dace, <i>Phoxinus eos</i> (Cope). Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:1724- 1729.
  8. Halliwell, David B. (Maine Department of Environmental Protection). 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. June 2000.
  9. Hartel, Karsten E. (Dept. of Ichthyology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University). 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. March 2000.
  10. Holton, G. D., and H. E. Johnson. 1996. A field guide to Montana fishes. 2nd edition. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana State Parks and wildlife Interpretive Association, Helena, Montana. 104 pp.
  11. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  12. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  13. Nesler, Tom (Colorado Division of Wildlife). 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, TNC. May 2000.
  14. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  15. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  16. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  17. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  18. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  19. Scott, W. B., and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. 966 pp.
  20. Smith, C. L. 1983. Fishes of New York (maps and printout of a draft section on scarce fishes of New York). Unpublished draft.
  21. Smith, C. L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Albany, New York, xi + 522 pp.
  22. State Natural Heritage Data Centers. 1996a. Aggregated element occurrence data from all U.S. state natural heritage programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Navajo Nation and the District of Columbia. Science Division, The Nature Conservancy.
  23. Stone, J., B. C. Lê, and J. R. Moring. 2001. Freshwater fishes of Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine. Northeastern Naturalist 8(3):311-318.
  24. Strange, R. M., and R. L. Mayden. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and a revised taxonomy for North American cyprinds currently assigned to <i>Phoxinus </i>(Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Copeia 2009:494-501.
  25. Whittier, Thomas R. 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. March 2000.