Roadless Areas
Home/Species/ Spikenard

Aralia bicrenata

Woot. & Standl.

Spikenard

G4Apparently Secure (G3G5) Found in 14 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143753
Element CodePDARA02051
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderApiales
FamilyAraliaceae
GenusAralia
Synonyms
Aralia racemosa ssp. bicrenata(Woot. & Standl.) Welsh & Atwood
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
FNA (vol. 13, 2024) elevates Aralia racemosa ssp. bicrenata to full species as A. bicrenata, and A. racemosa ssp. racemosa to full species as A. racemosa. In contrast, Kartesz (1994, 1999) treated A. racemosa in a broad sense with two subspecies distinguished (ssp. bicrenata and ssp. racemosa).
Conservation Status
Review Date2006-12-01
Change Date2002-08-02
Range Extent Comments
Known from the Four Corners states and Texas; in Colorado it is known only from La Plata County.
Threat Impact Comments
Collection for the herbal trade has been an issue in the eastern U. S. Any alterations to the hydrology of the streams, such as upstream diversions, could threaten the occurrences.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Aralia racemosa ssp. bicrenata is a large shrub with pinnate compound leaves and tiny white flowers in numerous umbels arranged in a large compound panicle or raceme. Cauline leaves are present.
Other Nations (1)
United StatesNNR
ProvinceRankNative
New MexicoSNRYes
ArizonaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
UtahS1Yes
ColoradoS1Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (14)
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
Hot AirApache-Sitgreaves National Forests31,712
New Mexico (13)
AreaForestAcres
Black CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,922
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
Comales CanyonCarson National Forest4,389
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
GallinasSanta Fe National Forest13,208
Juan de Gabaldon GrantSanta Fe National Forest8,023
Little TesuqueSanta Fe National Forest815
Pacheco CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,012
Rancho ViejoSanta Fe National Forest3,827
Sawyers PeakGila National Forest59,743
Tesuque CreekSanta Fe National Forest810
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
References (20)
  1. Edward J. Fletcher Strategic Sourcing, Inc.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2024. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 13. Magnoliophyta: Geraniaceae to Apiaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 566 pp.
  3. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, NY. 810 pp.
  4. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 1392 pp.
  5. Higman, Phyllis. Michigan Natural Features Inventory. Personal communication.
  6. Homoya, Mike. Personal communication. Botanist/Plant Ecologist. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. Indianapolis, IN.
  7. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  8. Kartesz, J. T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC.
  9. Klein, Robyn. Instructor, Sweetgrass School of Herbalism. Personal communication.
  10. McGuffin, Michael. Personal communication. American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring MD
  11. Oldham, Michael. Personal communication. Botanist, Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre.
  12. Steinauer, Gerry. Personal Communication. Nebraska Natural Heritage Program Botanist. Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, NE
  13. Swink, F., and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region. Morton Arboretum. Lisle, Illinois.
  14. USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov) . National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
  15. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. November 3-last update. The PLANTS database. Online. Available: http://plants.usda.gov/plants. Accessed 2000-Jan.
  16. Weber, W.A., and R.C. Wittmann. 1996a. Colorado flora: Eastern slope. Revised edition. Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado. 524 pp.
  17. Weber, W.A., and R.C. Wittmann. 1996b. Colorado flora: Western slope. Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado. 496 pp.
  18. Weiner, M.A. 1980. Earth Medicine Earth Food. Ballantine Books, New York. 230 pp.
  19. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins (eds.) 1993. A Utah flora. 2nd edition. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah. 986 pp.
  20. Wieland, Ronald. Mississippi Natural Heritage Program. Personal communication.