Gentiana andrewsii

Griseb.

Fringe-top Bottle Gentian

G5Secure Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.144353
Element CodePDGEN06040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderGentianales
FamilyGentianaceae
GenusGentiana
Other Common Names
closed bottle gentian (EN) Closed Bottle Gentian (EN) Gentiane d'Andrews (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-06-17
Change Date2024-06-17
Edition Date2024-06-17
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Gentiana andrewsii is a widespread perennial herb occurring on calcareous soils in open woods, swamps, prairies, and savannas of eastern North America from Saskatchewan, east to Quebec, Canada; and Vermont west to North Dakota, south to Colorado, and east to Delaware, United States. There are over 1,000 occurrences of this species, though some of these may be from misidentified records of G. clausa and G. saponaria. Threats are not well documented but include development, road maintenance, invasive species, recreation, deer browse, and woody plant encroachment and shading into open habitat. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent, large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Gentiana andrewsii occurs in eastern North America from Saskatchewan, east to Quebec, Canada and Vermont west to North Dakota, south to Colorado, and east to Delaware, United States (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024). Range extent was estimated to be just under 4 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). See individual entries for distribution details about the two varieties.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are over 1,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). However, this may be an over-estimation, given that G. andrewsii has often been confused with G. clausa and G. saponaria in its southern range (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Gentiana andrewsii is potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, recreation, deer browse, woody plant encroachment and shading into open habitat, and other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024). However, they are considered negligible given the broad range and large number of occurrences of the species, and its somewhat flexible and abundant habitat, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Gentiana andrewsii occurs in "moist, open woods, swamps, savannas, mesic to wet prairies, [on] calcareous soils" (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - MixedSavannaGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLAND
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MinnesotaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
DelawareS1Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
New JerseySNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
IndianaSNRYes
ColoradoS1Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
New YorkS4Yes
MassachusettsS1Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
ConnecticutSUYes
MarylandS2Yes
MichiganSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
West VirginiaS4Yes
IowaS4Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
KentuckySNRYes
VermontS2Yes
MissouriSNRYes
CanadaN4
ProvinceRankNative
SaskatchewanS2Yes
ManitobaS4Yes
OntarioS4Yes
QuebecSNRYes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (5)
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
North Dakota (2)
AreaForestAcres
DurlerDakota Prairie Grasslands12,464
McleodDakota Prairie Grasslands9,117
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2023. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 14. Magnoliophyta: Gentianaceae to Hydroleaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 505 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.