Carex echinata

Murr.

Little Prickly Sedge

G5Secure Found in 35 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154335
Element CodePMCYP03430
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
Carex étoilé (FR) Star Sedge (EN) star sedge (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-08
Change Date1988-04-30
Edition Date2025-07-08
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex echinata is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid in a variety of wetland habitats, including bogs, swamps, streams or lake shores, and wet meadows. It occurs in Eurasia, Central America, and North America from Alaska, United States east to Saskatchewan, Canada and south to Colorado and California in the western United States and Newfoundland Island, Labrador, and Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada and south to South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois, Iowa, and North Dakota in the eastern United States and Mexico. There are thousands of estimated occurrences, which face threats from development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex echinata has a wide distribution, including Eurasia, Central America, and North America from Alaska, United States east to Saskatchewan, Canada and south to Colorado and California in the western United States and Newfoundland Island, Labrador, and Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada and south to South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois, Iowa, and North Dakota in the eastern United States and Mexico (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Range extent was estimated to be over 45 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025). See individual entries for distribution details about the subspecies.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range and large number of occurrences.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Carex echinata grows in "bogs, swamps, peaty or sandy shores of streams or lakes, wet meadows, usually in acidic soils" (FNA 2002).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
AlbertaS1Yes
LabradorS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
QuebecSNRYes
SaskatchewanS3Yes
ManitobaSNRYes
Prince Edward IslandS4Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MaineSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
West VirginiaS4Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
NevadaSNRYes
ColoradoS3Yes
MarylandS3Yes
DelawareSNRYes
WyomingS2Yes
IndianaS1Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
IllinoisS1Yes
North DakotaS2Yes
VermontS5Yes
VirginiaS4Yes
New JerseySNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
UtahSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
MontanaS3Yes
AlaskaS4Yes
New YorkS5Yes
IowaSNRYes
North CarolinaS2Yes
South CarolinaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
OhioS1Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
HawaiiSNRYes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (35)
Alaska (7)
AreaForestAcres
KekuTongass National Forest10,869
LindenbergTongass National Forest25,855
North KruzofTongass National Forest33,146
Port AlexanderTongass National Forest120,681
QuartzTongass National Forest143,003
RhineTongass National Forest23,010
Sitka SoundTongass National Forest13,459
California (4)
AreaForestAcres
AgnewSequoia National Forest9,561
Bonanza KingShasta-Trinity National Forest16,402
Jennie LakeSequoia National Forest2,388
Lake EleanorShasta-Trinity National Forest397
Idaho (2)
AreaForestAcres
SeceshPayette National Forest248,088
West Meadow CreekNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest115,949
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Mexico (3)
AreaForestAcres
Canjilon Mtn.Carson National Forest7,972
PecosCarson National Forest13,436
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
Oregon (9)
AreaForestAcres
Bull Of The WoodsMt. Hood National Forest8,843
Echo MountainWillamette National Forest8,098
Lake ForkWallowa-Whitman National Forest21,936
Opal CreekWillamette National Forest5,417
Roaring RiverMt. Hood National Forest27,316
South KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests104,477
Twin MountainWallowa-Whitman National Forest58,533
Waldo - FujiWillamette National Forest15,273
WoahinkSiuslaw National Forest5,309
Utah (1)
AreaForestAcres
High Uintas (UT)Wasatch-Cache National Forest102,398
Washington (5)
AreaForestAcres
Glacier Peak BMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest19,328
Heather LakeWenatchee National Forest10,628
Mt. Baker NorthMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest16,873
Mt. Baker WestMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest25,390
Silver StarGifford Pinchot National Forest7,779
Wyoming (1)
AreaForestAcres
Encampment River AdditionMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest4,996
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).