Carex magellanica

Lam.

Boreal Bog Sedge

G5Secure Found in 16 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.156719
Element CodePMCYP03G30
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Synonyms
Carex pauperculaMichx.
Other Common Names
boreal bog sedge (EN) Carex de Magellan (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
FNA (2002, vol. 23) and Kartesz (1994) treat Carex magellanica with two subspecies: C. magellanica ssp. irrigua and C. magellanica ssp. magellanica. FNA (2002, vol. 23) notes that it is a bipolar disjunct species, with the typic subspecies occurring in South America while C. magellanica ssp. irrigua has a circumboreal distribution. Given this large disjunction and morphological distinctions, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team (2025) recognize North American material at the species level as Carex paupercula.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-11
Change Date1989-12-14
Edition Date2025-07-11
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex magellanica is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid in a variety of open, wetland habitats, including bogs, fens, and marshes. It has a bipolar disjunct distribution, occurring in Eurasia, South America, and North America from Alaska, United States and throughout Canada south to Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado. There are thousands of occurrences, which potentially face threats from development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex magellanica has a bipolar disjunct distribution, occurring in Eurasia, South America, and North America from Alaska, United States and throughout Canada south to Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be over 230 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Poor Sedge is a grass-like perennial that grows in small clusters with flowering stems that are 15-40 cm tall, arising from short or long rhizomes. Roots have a yellowish-brown fuzzy covering. Stems are conspicuously covered at the base with the dried leaves from the previous year. The leaves are mostly flat, 2-4 mm wide, and on the lower half of the stem. The inflorescence consists of a narrow terminal spike of male flowers and usually 2-3 mainly female spikes, the lower of which are nodding on long stalks. The terminal spike is 4-12 mm long and 2-4 mm wide; the lower spikes are 4-22 mm long and 4-8 mm wide, and often have a few male flowers at the base. The bract is slightly longer than the terminal spike. Scales are light or dark brown, often with a greenish midvein. The perigynia are pale green, glabrous, oval in outline, and 2-3 mm long. Each perigynium has 3 stigmas and an achene that is 3-sided.

Diagnostic Characteristics

CAREX PAUPERCULA occurs with C. LIMOSA in peatland habitat, and the two can be confused. It differs from the latter in having leaves at the base of the plant and male flowers at the base of spikes.

Habitat

Carex magellanica grows in "bogs, fens, marshes, usually associated with Sphagnum" (FNA 2002).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WashingtonSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
ConnecticutS1Yes
MichiganSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS3Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
WyomingS2Yes
VermontS4Yes
New YorkSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
UtahSNRYes
IowaSHYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MontanaS4Yes
ColoradoS3Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
ManitobaS5Yes
Yukon TerritoryS4Yes
Prince Edward IslandS4Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
OntarioS5Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
QuebecSNRYes
AlbertaS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
NunavutSUYes
LabradorS5Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (16)
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
Long ParkRoutt NF42,100
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
SeceshPayette National Forest248,088
Minnesota (2)
AreaForestAcres
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Hampshire (5)
AreaForestAcres
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Utah (1)
AreaForestAcres
High Uintas (UT)Wasatch-Cache National Forest102,398
Washington (1)
AreaForestAcres
Liberty BellOkanogan National Forest108,495
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
09164 - Tea LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,510
Wyoming (3)
AreaForestAcres
Libby FlatsMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest11,107
Rock CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest18,874
Snowy RangeMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest29,660
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).