Aralia spinosa

L.

Hercules Club

G5Secure Found in 44 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137301
Element CodePDARA02060
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderApiales
FamilyAraliaceae
GenusAralia
Other Common Names
Devil's Walkingstick (EN) devil's walkingstick (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-09-18
Change Date1984-02-09
Edition Date2023-09-18
Edition AuthorsJaster, T. (TNC-LASP, 1995), rev. C. Nordman (2023).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Hercules Club is common in the southeastern United States, it is estimated that there are over 2500 occurrences rangewide, threat impacts are likely low, and it occurs on various conservation lands within its natural range.
Range Extent Comments
Hercules Club (Aralia spinosa) occurs in the southeastern United States, from southern Illinois, southern Indiana, southeastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, extreme southwestern New York, Maryland, and Delaware, south to central Florida and west to eastern Texas, eastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and southern Missouri. Records of it from Michigan, Ontario, the New York City Metropolitan Area, and new England are misidentifications of the vegetatively similar exotic, naturalizing plant Aralia elata. Range extent of Hercules Club was estimated to be 1.9 million square kilometers, using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1992 and 2023 (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, Moore et al. 2009, NatureServe 2023).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1992 and 2023, it is estimated that there are over 2500 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
Threat impacts to Hercules Club are likely low overall, more notable threats include loss of habitat to development, and competition from invasive exotic plants.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Hercules Club (Aralia spinosa) occurs in forests and woodlands, both upland and lowland, thickets and shrub bogs (Godfrey 1988).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/Woodland
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
North CarolinaS5Yes
Rhode IslandSNANo
VirginiaS5Yes
New YorkS1Yes
MichiganSNANo
TexasSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
DelawareS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
MaineSNANo
MarylandSNRYes
OklahomaS2Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
FloridaS3Yes
New JerseySNANo
OhioSNRYes
IndianaS5Yes
ConnecticutSNANo
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
ArkansasSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
CanadaNNA
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioSNANo
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (44)
Alabama (1)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Arkansas (7)
AreaForestAcres
Bear MountainOuachita National Forest1,910
Brush HeapOuachita National Forest4,205
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Dismal CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest9,160
Hurricane CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest2,279
Pedestal RocksOzark-St. Francis National Forest21,957
Richland CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest571
Georgia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Boggs CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,073
Cedar MountainChattahoochee National Forest1,083
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Tate BranchChattahoochee National Forest1,069
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Burke BranchShawnee National Forest6,231
Indiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mogan RidgeHoosier National Forest8,435
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
North Carolina (12)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Chunky Gal (addition)Nantahala National Forest3,336
Dobson KnobPisgah National Forest6,111
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Slide HollowPisgah National Forest193
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Pennsylvania (1)
AreaForestAcres
Minister ValleyAllegheny National Forest1,417
Tennessee (6)
AreaForestAcres
Bald River Gorge AdditionCherokee National Forest1,728
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Devil's BackboneCherokee National Forest4,287
Slide HollowCherokee National Forest4,057
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Upper Bald RiverCherokee National Forest9,202
Texas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Little Lake CreekNational Forests in Texas596
Winters BayouNational Forests in Texas730
Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Elliott KnobGeorge Washington National Forest9,380
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
West Virginia (4)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Glady ForkMonongahela National Forest3,239
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Spice RunMonongahela National Forest6,251
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2024. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 13. Magnoliophyta: Geraniaceae to Apiaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 566 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).
  3. Godfrey, R.K. 1988. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of northern Florida and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. 734 pp.
  4. iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 375 pp.
  7. Moore, G., S.D. Glenn and J. Ma. 2009. Distribution of the native <i>Aralia spinosa</i> and non-native<i> Aralia elata</i> (Araliaceae) in the northeastern United States. Rhodora 111: 145–154.
  8. NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.