Asclepias variegata

L.

White Milkweed

G5Secure Found in 46 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145300
Element CodePDASC02230
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderGentianales
FamilyApocynaceae
GenusAsclepias
Other Common Names
Asclépiade panachée (FR) Red-ring Milkweed (EN) redring milkweed (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-04-26
Change Date1988-05-02
Edition Date2024-04-26
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Asclepias variegata is a widespread forb in a variety of woodland and forested habitats throughout much of eastern North America from Ontario, Canada and the United States from Connecticut and New York west to Oklahoma and south to Florida and Texas. The species has declined in the northeastern portion of its range and has been reported as extirpated in Ontario and Connecticut. Threats include deer browse, rights-of-way maintenance, and likely other threats in some places. Asclepias variegata is commonly cultivated and estimating the number of wild populations is challenging, but there are likely more than 1800. Despite declines in the northern portion of its range, this species is considered secure with its large range extent and number of occurrences.
Range Extent Comments
Asclepias variegata occurs in much of eastern North America, though declines in the northeastern portion of its range have lead to reported extirpations in Ontario, Canada and Connecticut, United States (FNA 2023). Its current range extends from New York west to Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, southeastern Missouri, and southeastern Oklahoma south to the Florida panhandle and eastern Texas (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2023). Range extent was estimated to be over 1.5 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are over 1800 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). However, this species is commonly cultivated, and iNatualist observations (>4,000) were not evaluated for evidence of cultivation (iNaturalist 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Asclepias variegata is threatened by deer browse, rights-of-way maintenance, and likely other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2024).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Asclepias variegata grows in "ridges, slopes, bluffs, flats, glades, ravines, streamsides, lake shores, limestone, sandstone, basalt, clay, sandy, silty, and marl soils, oak-hickory, oak, mixed-hardwood, pine-mixed-hardwood, pine-oak-hickory, and pine forests, oak, pine, pine-oak, oak-hickory, and riparian woodlands, forest edges and openings" (FNA 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - Mixed
Other Nations (2)
CanadaNX
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioSXYes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
ArkansasSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
New YorkS1Yes
MarylandSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
KentuckyS4Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
ConnecticutSHYes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
DelawareS2Yes
OhioS3Yes
IndianaS3Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
FloridaS3Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
New JerseySHYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (46)
Alabama (3)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Cheaha BTalladega National Forest741
Oakey MountainTalladega National Forest6,129
Arkansas (7)
AreaForestAcres
Bear MountainOuachita National Forest1,910
Blue MountainOuachita National Forest9,755
Brush HeapOuachita National Forest4,205
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
East ForkOzark-St. Francis National Forest13,037
Little BlakelyOuachita National Forest3,342
Pedestal RocksOzark-St. Francis National Forest21,957
Georgia (4)
AreaForestAcres
Boggs CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,073
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Rocky MountainChattahoochee National Forest4,269
Sarah's CreekChattahoochee National Forest6,888
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bay CreekShawnee National Forest120
Indiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mogan RidgeHoosier National Forest8,435
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
Louisiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Saline Bayou W & S River CorridorKisatchie National Forest5,355
North Carolina (7)
AreaForestAcres
Big Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest1,155
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Oklahoma (1)
AreaForestAcres
Beech CreekOuachita National Forest8,303
South Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bee CoveSumter National Forest3,025
Tennessee (6)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
Bald River Gorge AdditionCherokee National Forest1,728
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Devil's BackboneCherokee National Forest4,287
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
Upper Bald RiverCherokee National Forest9,202
Texas (3)
AreaForestAcres
Big WoodsNational Forests in Texas1,320
Little Lake CreekNational Forests in Texas596
Winters BayouNational Forests in Texas730
Virginia (10)
AreaForestAcres
Broad RunJefferson National Forest10,971
Brush Mountain EastJefferson National Forest4,916
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
Three SistersGeorge Washington National Forest8,149
References (8)
  1. Dodds, J.S. 2024. <i>Asclepias variegata</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests & Historic Sites, Forests & Natural Lands, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 19 pp. [https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/asclepias-variegata-white-milkweed.docx.pdf]
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2023. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 14. Magnoliophyta: Gentianaceae to Hydroleaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 505 pp.
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  4. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 14, 2023. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2105 pp.