Dicentra eximia
(Ker-Gawl.) Torr.
Wild Bleedingheart
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149128
Element CodePDFUM04040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPapaverales
FamilyPapaveraceae
GenusDicentra
Synonyms
Bicuculla eximia(Ker Gawl.) Millsp.Fumaria eximiaKer Gawl.
Other Common Names
Appalachian Bleedingheart (EN) Eastern Bleeding-heart (EN) turkey corn (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Review Date1992-04-23
Change Date1992-04-23
Range Extent Comments
GA, IL, MD, MI, MN, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TN, VA, VT, WV
Threat Impact Comments
Dicentra eximia is restricted to an uncommon rocky habitat and is threatened by over-harvest (undoubtedly exploited by collectors) (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002).
Ecology & Habitat
Diagnostic Characteristics
Plant acaulescent, leaves all basal. Corolla bilateral, the two outer petals spurred or saccate at the base. Flowers paniculate, scape 2.5-5 dm tall from a stout crown.
Habitat
Dry to moist, rocky mountain woods, crevices of rocks at bases of cliffs.
Reproduction
n=8, Ants disperse some species of Dicentra.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - Hardwood
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Michigan | SNA | No |
| Massachusetts | SNR | Yes |
| Georgia | S1 | Yes |
| Maryland | S2 | Yes |
| South Carolina | S1 | Yes |
| Tennessee | SNR | Yes |
| Vermont | SNA | No |
| Pennsylvania | S1 | Yes |
| Virginia | S4 | Yes |
| North Carolina | S3 | Yes |
| New York | SNA | No |
| Illinois | SNA | No |
| West Virginia | S4 | Yes |
| New Jersey | S1 | Yes |
Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Long-lived, DECIDUOUS
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (30)
North Carolina (5)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Bald Mountain | Pisgah National Forest | 11,085 |
| Cheoah Bald | Nantahala National Forest | 7,795 |
| Linville Gorge Addition | Pisgah National Forest | 2,809 |
| South Mills River | Pisgah National Forest | 8,588 |
| Wesser Bald | Nantahala National Forest | 4,061 |
Tennessee (3)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Beaver Dam Creek | Cherokee National Forest | 5,070 |
| Sampson Mountain Addition | Cherokee National Forest | 3,064 |
| Stone Mountain | Cherokee National Forest | 5,367 |
Virginia (17)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Adams Peak | George Washington National Forest | 7,135 |
| Beards Mountain | George Washington National Forest | 7,505 |
| Beaver Dam Creek | Jefferson National Forest | 1,135 |
| Dolly Ann | George Washington National Forest | 7,855 |
| Elliott Knob | George Washington National Forest | 9,380 |
| James River Addition | Jefferson National Forest | 1,140 |
| Jerkemtight | George Washington National Forest | 16,687 |
| Laurel Fork | George Washington National Forest | 9,967 |
| Mt. Pleasant | George Washington National Forest | 8,933 |
| North Mountain | Jefferson National Forest | 8,377 |
| Oliver Mountain | George Washington National Forest | 13,090 |
| Ramseys Draft Addition | George Washington National Forest | 12,781 |
| Saint Marys Addition | George Washington National Forest | 1,454 |
| Seng Mountain | Jefferson National Forest | 6,428 |
| The Friars | George Washington National Forest | 2,035 |
| The Priest | George Washington National Forest | 5,737 |
| Three Ridges | George Washington National Forest | 4,745 |
West Virginia (5)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Dolly Sods Roaring Plain | Monongahela National Forest | 13,392 |
| East Fork Of Greenbrier | Monongahela National Forest | 7,167 |
| Middle Mountain | Monongahela National Forest | 19,020 |
| North Mountain Hopeville | Monongahela National Forest | 6,525 |
| Seneca Creek | Monongahela National Forest | 22,287 |
References (10)
- Berg, R.Y. 1969. Adaptation and evolution in Dicentra (Fumariaceae), with special reference to seed, fruit, and dispersal mechanism. Nytt Magazine Botanical. 16:49.
- Dodds, J.S. 2024. <i>Dicentra eximia</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests & Historic Sites, Forests & Natural Lands, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 18 pp. [https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/dicentra-eximia-wild-bleeding-heart.pdf]
- Fernald, M.L. 1950 Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. 1632 pp.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1997. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 590 pp.
- Gleason, H.A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 3 volumes. Hafner Press, New York. 1732 pp.
- Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
- Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
- Stern, K.R. 1975. Cytogeography of <i>Dicentra eximia</i> (KER) TORR. Phytologia 32:213-218.
- Torrey, J. 1843. Flora of New York. Carroll and Cook, Printers to the Assembly, Albany, NY.
- Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.