Dicentra eximia

(Ker-Gawl.) Torr.

Wild Bleedingheart

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G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Wild Bleedingheart (Dicentra eximia). Photo by Peter Coffey, CC BY-NC 4.0, via iNaturalist.
Peter Coffey, CC BY-NC 4.0
Wild Bleedingheart (Dicentra eximia). Photo by Megan Good, CC BY-NC 4.0, via iNaturalist.
Megan Good, CC BY-NC 4.0
Wild Bleedingheart (Dicentra eximia). Photo by Rose Roberts, CC BY-NC 4.0, via iNaturalist.
Rose Roberts, CC BY-NC 4.0
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149128
Element CodePDFUM04040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPapaverales
FamilyPapaveraceae
GenusDicentra
Synonyms
Bicuculla eximia(Ker Gawl.) Millsp.Fumaria eximiaKer Gawl.
Other Common Names
Appalachian Bleedingheart (EN) Eastern Bleeding-heart (EN) turkey corn (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Review Date1992-04-23
Change Date1992-04-23
Range Extent Comments
GA, IL, MD, MI, MN, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TN, VA, VT, WV
Threat Impact Comments
Dicentra eximia is restricted to an uncommon rocky habitat and is threatened by over-harvest (undoubtedly exploited by collectors) (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Plant acaulescent, leaves all basal. Corolla bilateral, the two outer petals spurred or saccate at the base. Flowers paniculate, scape 2.5-5 dm tall from a stout crown.

Habitat

Dry to moist, rocky mountain woods, crevices of rocks at bases of cliffs.

Reproduction

n=8, Ants disperse some species of Dicentra.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - Hardwood
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
MichiganSNANo
MassachusettsSNRYes
GeorgiaS1Yes
MarylandS2Yes
South CarolinaS1Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
VermontSNANo
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
VirginiaS4Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
New YorkSNANo
IllinoisSNANo
West VirginiaS4Yes
New JerseyS1Yes
Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Long-lived, DECIDUOUS
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (30)
North Carolina (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
South Mills RiverPisgah National Forest8,588
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Beaver Dam CreekCherokee National Forest5,070
Sampson Mountain AdditionCherokee National Forest3,064
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Virginia (17)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Beaver Dam CreekJefferson National Forest1,135
Dolly AnnGeorge Washington National Forest7,855
Elliott KnobGeorge Washington National Forest9,380
James River AdditionJefferson National Forest1,140
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Laurel ForkGeorge Washington National Forest9,967
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Saint Marys AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest1,454
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
The FriarsGeorge Washington National Forest2,035
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
West Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
North Mountain HopevilleMonongahela National Forest6,525
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
References (10)
  1. Berg, R.Y. 1969. Adaptation and evolution in Dicentra (Fumariaceae), with special reference to seed, fruit, and dispersal mechanism. Nytt Magazine Botanical. 16:49.
  2. Dodds, J.S. 2024. <i>Dicentra eximia</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests & Historic Sites, Forests & Natural Lands, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 18 pp. [https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/dicentra-eximia-wild-bleeding-heart.pdf]
  3. Fernald, M.L. 1950 Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. 1632 pp.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1997. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 590 pp.
  5. Gleason, H.A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 3 volumes. Hafner Press, New York. 1732 pp.
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  8. Stern, K.R. 1975. Cytogeography of <i>Dicentra eximia</i> (KER) TORR. Phytologia 32:213-218.
  9. Torrey, J. 1843. Flora of New York. Carroll and Cook, Printers to the Assembly, Albany, NY.
  10. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.