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Home/Species/ Eastern Woodland Jumping Mouse

Napaeozapus insignis

(Miller, 1891)

Eastern Woodland Jumping Mouse

G5Secure Found in 16 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1367032
Element CodeAMAFH02020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassMammalia
OrderRodentia
FamilyZapodidae
GenusNapaeozapus
Concept Reference
Malaney, J. L., J. R. Demboski, and J. A. Cook. 2017. Integrative species delimitation of the widespread North American jumping mice (Zapodinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114:137-152.
Taxonomic Comments
Napaeozapus insignis abietorum has been elevated to species status, N. abietorum, by Malaney et al. (2017). This has been accepted by the American Society of Mammalogists.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2016-04-04
Change Date1996-11-15
Edition Date2016-04-04
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
This is a widespread species, with many occurrences. Threats and trends have not been assessed.
Range Extent Comments
This species ranges from the Canadian maritime provinces west to southeastern Manitoba, south to northern Great Lakes, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New England, northwestern New Jersey, and Appalachian Mountains (to northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina).
Occurrences Comments
This is a widespread species known from many occurrences.
Threat Impact Comments
Threats have not been assessed.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Prefers deciduous and coniferous forests with herbaceous groundcover. Also occurs in brushlands. Nests in underground burrow (winter) or in log, stump, or under other cover.

Ecology

Population density estimates: 0.5-60 per ha (Whitaker and Wrigley 1972). In Nova Scotia, density varied greatly among years, mainly as result of variation in overwintering survival of juveniles and breeding success of females (Ovaska and Herman 1988).

Reproduction

Breeds May-August. Gestation lasts 21-25 days. Litters size is 1-8 (typically 5); 1-2 litters per year (1/year in Nova Scotia). Sexually mature as early as 38 days. In Nova Scotia, no female reproduced in the summer of her birth (Ovaska and Herman 1988).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparral
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
LabradorS1Yes
QuebecS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS4Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
ManitobaS2Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
North CarolinaS4Yes
Rhode IslandS4Yes
WisconsinS2Yes
VermontS5Yes
GeorgiaS3Yes
New JerseySUYes
ConnecticutS5Yes
TennesseeS4Yes
New HampshireS5Yes
OhioS3Yes
MarylandS4Yes
New YorkS5Yes
MassachusettsS5Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
MaineS5Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
MichiganS3Yes
South CarolinaS2Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined———

—

Roadless Areas (16)
New Hampshire (4)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Cherry MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,766
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Rogers RidgeCherokee National Forest4,738
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Virginia (2)
AreaForestAcres
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
West Virginia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
References (17)
  1. American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10595931. Online. Available: https://www.mammaldiversity.org/
  2. Baker, R. H. 1983. Michigan mammals. Michigan State University Press. 642 pp.
  3. Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 438 pp.
  4. Blair, W.F. 1941. Same data on home ranges and general life history of the short-tailed shrew, redbacked mouse and wood-land jumping mouse in northern Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat. 25(3):681-685.
  5. Brower, J.E. and T.J. Cade. 1966. Ecology and physiology of <i>Napaeozapus insignis</i> (Miller) and other woodland mice. Ecology, 47(1):46-63.
  6. Godin, A. J. 1977. Wild mammals of New England. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 304 pp.
  7. Hall, E. R. 1981a. The Mammals of North America, second edition. Vols. I &amp; II. John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, New York. 1181 pp.
  8. Hamilton, W. J., Jr., and J. O. Whitaker, Jr. 1979. Mammals of the eastern United States. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. 346 pp.
  9. Jones, J. K., Jr., R. S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, R. J. Baker, and M. D. Engstrom. 1992a. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 146:1-23.
  10. Malaney, J. L., J. R. Demboski, and J. A. Cook. 2017. Integrative species delimitation of the widespread North American jumping mice (Zapodinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114:137-152.
  11. Ovaska, K., and T. B. Herman. 1988. Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, <i>Napaeozapus insignis</i>, in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 66:1752-1762.
  12. Preble, E. A. 1899. Revision of the jumping mice of the genus <i>Zapus</i>. North American Fauna 15:1-43.
  13. Townsend, M. T. 1935. Studies on some of the small mammalsof central New York. Roosevelt Wildl. Ann. 4. 120 pp.
  14. Whitaker, J. O. 1972. <i>Zapus hudsonius</i>. Am. Soc. Mamm., Mammalian Species 11:1-7.
  15. Whitaker, J. O., Jr., and R. E. Wrigley. 1972. <i>Napaeozapus insignis</i>. Mammalian Species 14:1-6.
  16. Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.
  17. Wrigley, R. E. 1972. Systematics and biology of the woodland jumping mouse <i>Napaeozapus insignis</i>. Illinois Biological Monographs 47. Univ. Chicago Press, Urbana, IL. 117 pp.