Crepidomanes intricatum

(Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley

Weft Fern

G4Apparently Secure Found in 6 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154804
Element CodePPHYM020V0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumFilicinophyta
ClassFilicopsida
OrderFilicales
FamilyHymenophyllaceae
GenusCrepidomanes
Synonyms
Trichomanes intricatumFarrar
Other Common Names
Appalachian Trichomanes (EN) Grotto-felt (EN) weft fern (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Taxonomic Comments
Ebihara and Weakley (in Weakley et al. 2011) newly combine Crepidomanes intricatum due to its chloroplast molecular sequence data similarity with the Old World genus, Crepidomanes. This concept is synonymous with Trichomanes intricatum as recognized by FNA (1993, vol. 2) and Kartesz (1999). The generic placement of this taxon is in accordance with the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I (2016).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-05-07
Change Date2025-05-07
Edition Date2025-05-07
Edition AuthorsMorse, Larry E. (1994), rev. N. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 300
Rank Reasons
Crepidomanes intricatum is a fern occurring on non-calcareous rock in moist, well-sheltered crevices and grottoes of eastern North America, primarily in the Appalachian region, though ranging from Quebec, Canada and New Hampshire south to Georgia and Alabama, and north to Illinois in the United States. This species does not produce sporophytes, and populations consist of filamentous, asexually reproducing gametophytes forming feltlike populations resembling algae. Though considered rare to uncommon throughout its range, this species is widespread, easily overlooked, difficult to distinguish from gametophyte forms of similar species, and is likely underrepresented in herbaria. Threats include invasive species, logging, recreation, and likely other threats in some places .
Range Extent Comments
Crepidomanes intricatum occurs in eastern North America, primarily in the Appalachian region, though ranging from Quebec, Canada and New Hampshire south to Georgia and Alabama, and north to Illinois in the United States (FNA 1993, Centre de Donnees sur le Patrimoine Naturel du Québec 2025). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are at least 27 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025). However, due to its gametophytic habit, Crepidomanes intricatum is extremely inconspicuous, easily overlooked, difficult to identify, and likely underrepresented in herbarium collections (FNA 1993, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Crepidomanes intricatum occurs in humid places in sheltered crevices and grottoes, and it may be at least somewhat protected by its habitat. Threats to this species are not well documented but include invasive species, logging, recreation, and likely other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Crepidomanes intricatum occurs on ceilings and back walls of sheltered crevices and grottoes in noncalcareous rock, especially in humid gorges near waterfalls (FNA 1993, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Cliff
Other Nations (2)
CanadaNNR
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecSUYes
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
KentuckyS3Yes
West VirginiaSHYes
New JerseyS1Yes
GeorgiaS3Yes
OhioSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
New YorkS1Yes
VirginiaSUYes
ConnecticutSUYes
IndianaS3Yes
PennsylvaniaSNRYes
MassachusettsS3Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
VermontS3Yes
South CarolinaS1Yes
New HampshireS1Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
MarylandSNRYes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (6)
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bay CreekShawnee National Forest120
New Hampshire (1)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Tennessee (1)
AreaForestAcres
Rogers RidgeCherokee National Forest4,738
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Rogers RunJefferson National Forest181
References (14)
  1. Centre de Donnees sur le Patrimoine Naturel du Québec. 2025. Element Subnational Tracking Form: <i>Crepidomanes intricatum</i> in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 5 May 2025).
  2. Dodds, Jill S. 2023. <i>Crepidomanes intricatum</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests and Historic Sites, State Forest Fire Service and Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 15 pp. [https://nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/crepidomanes-intricatum-weft-fern.pdf]
  3. Farrar, D.R., 1992. <i>Trichomanes intricatum</i>: the independent <i>Trichomanes</i> gametophyte in the eastern United States. American Fern Journal, 82(2): 68-74.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xvi + 475 pp.
  5. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  7. Kartesz, J. T. Unpublished. Data file on species characteristics, with accompanying taxonomic data file, received Feb. 18, 1997.
  8. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  9. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  10. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I. 2016. A Community-Derived Classification for Extant Lycophytes and Ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563–603.
  11. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  12. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.
  13. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).
  14. Weakley, A.S., R.J. LeBlond, B.A. Sorrie C.T. Witsell, L.D. Estes, K. Gandhi, K.G. Mathews, and A. Ebihara. 2011. New combinations, rank changes, and nomenclatural and taxonomic comments in the vascular flora of the southeastern United States. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2):437-455.