Calopogon pallidus

Chapman

Pale Grass-pink

G4Apparently Secure Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132962
Element CodePMORC0C030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
CITESAppendix II
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderOrchidales
FamilyOrchidaceae
GenusCalopogon
Other Common Names
pale grasspink (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-12-20
Change Date2024-12-20
Edition Date2024-12-19
Edition AuthorsNordman, C. (2024).
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 - 300
Rank Reasons
Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) occurs in eastern North America, in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, from southeastern Virginia south to Florida and west to southeastern Louisiana. It is estimated that there are between 81 and 300 occurrences rangewide including on several National Forests, several National Wildlife Refuges and on various state and private conservation lands. It is threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and certain forest management practices, and is especially vulnerable to succession and forest canopy closure associated with lack of (prescribed) fire. Collection of wild orchids for trade is considered a threat, much of this trade is the result of illegal harvest. The application of prescribed fire on conservation lands, such as National Forests has likely contributed to increased flowering, seed production and recruitment of these wild orchids on those lands.
Range Extent Comments
Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) occurs in eastern North America, it is endemic to the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, from southeastern Virginia south to the Florida Peninsula and west to southeastern Louisiana. Range extent was estimated to be 673000 square kilometers, using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1993 and 2024 (FNA 2002, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, POWO 2024, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are between 81 and 300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) is threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and certain forest management practices; it is especially vulnerable to succession and forest canopy closure associated with lack of (prescribed) fire (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). Collection of wild plants for trade is considered a threat to wild orchids, much of this trade is the result of illegal harvest (Hinsley et al. 2018).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) has relatively few flowers, about 2.5 cm across, which are widely spaced on the stem. Often only one flower is in bloom at a time, the flowers are usually pale pink to nearly white (LeGrand et al. 2024).

Habitat

Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) occurs in moist to wet acid sandy and loamy open longleaf pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, grass-sedge savannas, sandhill seeps, edges of cypress-gum ponds and depressions, sometimes with pitcher plants, flowering abundantly several weeks after late winter to early spring fires, at elevations of 0-100 m (FNA 2002, Godfrey and Wooten 1979, LeGrand et al. 2024, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2024).

Reproduction

Pale Grass-pink (Calopogon pallidus) flowers mainly in May and June, and abundantly several weeks after late winter to early spring wildland fires (FNA 2002, LeGrand et al. 2024).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - ConiferSavannaGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fen
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
MississippiS4Yes
VirginiaS1Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
LouisianaS2Yes
South CarolinaS3Yes
GeorgiaS3Yes
FloridaS4Yes
AlabamaS4Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasRestricted (11-30%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.2 - Wood & pulp plantationsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource useRestricted - smallModerate or 11-30% pop. declineUnknown
5.2 - Gathering terrestrial plantsRestricted - smallModerate or 11-30% pop. declineUnknown
7 - Natural system modificationsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensityRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (5)
Florida (3)
AreaForestAcres
Gum BayApalachicola National Forest11,645
Long BayApalachicola National Forest5,726
SavannahApalachicola National Forest1,927
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Pocosin AdditionCroatan National Forest286
References (12)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. 712 pp.
  4. Hinsley, A., H.J. de Boer, M.F. Fay, S.W. Gale, L.M. Gardiner, R.S. Gunasekara, P. Kumar, S. Masters, D. Metusala, D.L. Roberts, S. Veldman, S. Wong, and J. Phelps. 2018. A review of the trade in orchids and its implications for conservation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 186(4): 435–455.
  5. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. LeGrand, H., B. Sorrie, and T. Howard. 2024. Vascular Plants of North Carolina [Internet]. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Biodiversity Project and North Carolina State Parks. Available from https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/index.php. (accessed 2024).
  8. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  9. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2024. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2024).
  10. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  11. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  12. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.