Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Review Date1987-11-20
Change Date1988-06-30
Edition Date1987-11-20
Edition AuthorsGORDON, K.L.
Range Extent20,000 to >2,500,000 square km (about 8000 to >1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Range Extent Comments
Alabama, to Louisiana, north and west to Tennessee, north- west and west central Georgia and Indaiana.
Occurrences Comments
Estimate only. Over 100 sites in Indiana. Bryson: estimate more than 20 and less than 30 populations in Mississippi.
Threat Impact Comments
Clearing of woodlands and conversion to other uses.
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Dry sandy or sandy-gravely soils, predominantly pine-hardwood forests on slopes and bluffs. Forests and forest openings; 100-500 m (FNA 2002b).
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).